Obtención de filtrantes a partir de semilla de palta (Persea americana Mill.) como valorización del residuo
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Authors
Lip Licham, María del Socorro
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo obtener filtrantes para infusiones a partir del uso de las semillas de palta (Persea americana Mill.) y su valorización como residuo; de esta forma reducir el impacto ambiental que generan las agroindustrias debido al mal manejo de este residuo. Las semillas fueron peladas, cortadas, secadas, molidas, tamizadas y envasadas. A las semillas y a los filtrantes obtenidos se les realizó la caracterización física y físico-química (Análisis proximal, pH, acidez titulable, sólidos solubles, compuestos fenólicos, antocianinas totales, vitamina C, capacidad antioxidante y color); análisis microbiológico, y sensorial en los filtrantes. Se determinó la influencia del secado en cabina e infrarrojos a 60ºC y 65ºC y del cortado, secado, molienda y tamizado. El grado de aceptación de la infusión fue evaluado por jueces no entrenados. El análisis proximal del filtrante para proteína, grasa, fibra cruda, cenizas y carbohidratos fue: 4,69; 2,70; 2,51; 2,31 y 86,88 por ciento en base seca, respectivamente. El pH, acidez titulable g ácido sulfúrico/100 g, sólidos solubles g/100 g, compuestos fenólicos mg ácido gálico equivalente/100 g, antocianinas totales mg/100 g, vitamina C mg/100 g y capacidad antioxidante micro mol trolox equivalente/100 g del filtrante fueron: 6,41; 0,44; 7,62; 1115,99; 6,22; 11,91 y 1 678 767,97 en base seca, respectivamente. Los compuestos fenólicos y capacidad antioxidante aumentaron significativamente debido al proceso. El ANOVA evaluado mediante el Statgraphics Centurion 19, demostró que la media de capacidad antioxidante de las tajadas secadas en cabina a 60ºC fue significativamente diferente a las otras, confirmándose como el mejor tratamiento de secado. Al procesar una tonelada de semilla de palta se obtiene 10 409 bolsas x 25 filtrantes, con un costo por bolsa de S/ 1,59;considerando sus propiedades funcionales se tiene un producto atractivo al consumidor.
The present research work had to objective to make filters for infusions from the use of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.), as material recovery; in this way, reduce the environmental impact generated by agro-industries due to the mismanagement of this residue. The seeds were peeled, cut, dried, ground, sieved and packaged. The seeds and filters obtained underwent physical and physical-chemical characterization (proximal analysis, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, phenolic compounds, total anthocyanins, vitamin C, antioxidant capacity and color); microbiological and sensory analysis in the filters. The influence of drying in the cabin and infrared at 60ºC and 65ºC and of cutting, drying, grinding and sieving was determined. The degree of acceptance of the infusion was evaluated by untrained judges. The proximal analysis of the filter for protein, fat, crude fiber, ash and carbohydrates was: 4.69; 2.70; 2.51; 2.31 and 86.88 per cent in dry matter, respectively. The pH, titratable acidity g sulfuric acid/100 g, soluble solids g/100 g, phenolics compounds mg gallic acid equivalent /100 g, total anthocyanins mg/100 g, vitamin C mg/100 g and antioxidant capacity micro mol trolox equivalent /100 g, of the filter were: 6,41; 0,44; 7,62; 1 115,99; 6,22; 11,91 and 1 678 767,97 in dry matter, respectively. The phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity increased significantly due to the process. The ANOVA evaluated using the Statgraphics Centurion 19, showed that the media antioxidant capacity of the slices dried in the cabin at 60ºC was significantly different from the others, confirming it as the best drying treatment. After processing one ton of avocado seeds; 10 409 bags x 25 filters are obtained, with a cost per bag of S/ 1,59; considering its functional properties, the consumer is given an attractive product.
The present research work had to objective to make filters for infusions from the use of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.), as material recovery; in this way, reduce the environmental impact generated by agro-industries due to the mismanagement of this residue. The seeds were peeled, cut, dried, ground, sieved and packaged. The seeds and filters obtained underwent physical and physical-chemical characterization (proximal analysis, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, phenolic compounds, total anthocyanins, vitamin C, antioxidant capacity and color); microbiological and sensory analysis in the filters. The influence of drying in the cabin and infrared at 60ºC and 65ºC and of cutting, drying, grinding and sieving was determined. The degree of acceptance of the infusion was evaluated by untrained judges. The proximal analysis of the filter for protein, fat, crude fiber, ash and carbohydrates was: 4.69; 2.70; 2.51; 2.31 and 86.88 per cent in dry matter, respectively. The pH, titratable acidity g sulfuric acid/100 g, soluble solids g/100 g, phenolics compounds mg gallic acid equivalent /100 g, total anthocyanins mg/100 g, vitamin C mg/100 g and antioxidant capacity micro mol trolox equivalent /100 g, of the filter were: 6,41; 0,44; 7,62; 1 115,99; 6,22; 11,91 and 1 678 767,97 in dry matter, respectively. The phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity increased significantly due to the process. The ANOVA evaluated using the Statgraphics Centurion 19, showed that the media antioxidant capacity of the slices dried in the cabin at 60ºC was significantly different from the others, confirming it as the best drying treatment. After processing one ton of avocado seeds; 10 409 bags x 25 filters are obtained, with a cost per bag of S/ 1,59; considering its functional properties, the consumer is given an attractive product.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Ciencias Ambientales
Keywords
Persea americana
Citation
Date
2023
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