Maximización de la calidad de chocolate oscuro a partir de mezclas de cacao ecuatoriano
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Authors
Andrade Almeida, Jacinto Atanacio
Abstract
El cacao, sus productos y subproductos son de gran demanda global. Ecuador ocupa el primer lugar a nivel mundial como exportador de cacao fino de aroma, siendo materia prima del chocolate. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la fórmula óptima que maximice la calidad del chocolate oscuro elaborado con la mezcla de cacao Nacional (fino de aroma) y CCN 51, que tienen la mayor superficie sembrada en Ecuador. Para su elaboración, se partió del concepto de producto: “chocolate oscuro de mezcla de cacao ecuatoriano fino de aroma con sabor natural y dulce”. A los granos de cacao se les determinó índice y dimensiones, porcentaje de testa, índice de blancura y porcentaje de porosidad, así como: proteína, grasa, humedad, cenizas, fibra y carbohidratos. Según diseño experimental del método de superficie de respuesta se elaboraron chocolates oscuros con 60, 70 y 80 por ciento de cacao, constituidos por mezclas 90/10, 80/20 y 70/30 de cacao Nacional y CCN 51, respectivamente; a los que se les determinó: tamaño de partícula, índice de blancura, viscosidad y esfuerzo mínimo de fluencia. Se obtuvo como fórmula óptima: 80 por ciento de cacao (70/30), 19,6 por ciento de azúcar y 0,04 por ciento de lecitina de soja, a la que le correspondió un coeficiente de deseabilidad de 96 por ciento obtenido por el método de optimización de múltiples respuestas; fórmula que tiene 9,89; 46,81; 2,83; 2,35; 38,12 y 2,5 por ciento de proteína cruda, grasa curda, humedad, ceniza, carbohidratos totales y fibra cruda, respectivamente; así como una aceptabilidad sensorial de 8,57 en una escala de 10 puntos.
Cocoa, its products and by-products are in great demand worldwide. Ecuador is the world's leading exporter of fine aroma cocoa, which is the raw material for chocolate. The objective of this research was to determine the optimal formula to maximize the quality of dark chocolate made with the mixture of National cocoa (fine aroma) and CCN 51, which have the largest area planted in Ecuador. For its preparation, the starting point was the product concept: "dark chocolate made from a blend of Ecuadorian fine aroma cocoa with a natural, sweet flavor". The cocoa beans were measured for index and dimensions, testa percentage, whiteness index and porosity percentage, as well as protein, fat, humidity, ash, fiber and carbohydrates. According to the experimental design of the response surface method, dark chocolates were made with 60, 70 and 80 percent cocoa, consisting of 90/10, 80/20 and 70/30 mixtures of National cocoa and CCN 51, respectively; the following were determined: particle size, whiteness index, viscosity and minimum yield stress. The optimum formula was obtained as follows: 80 percent cocoa (70/30), 19.6 percent sugar and 0.04 percent soy lecithin, to which corresponded a desirability coefficient of 96 percent obtained by the multiple response optimization method; formula having 9.89; 46.81; 2.83; 2.35; 38.12 and 2.5 percent crude protein, tan fat, moisture, ash, total carbohydrates and crude fiber, respectively; as well as a sensory acceptability of 8.57 on a 10-point scale.
Cocoa, its products and by-products are in great demand worldwide. Ecuador is the world's leading exporter of fine aroma cocoa, which is the raw material for chocolate. The objective of this research was to determine the optimal formula to maximize the quality of dark chocolate made with the mixture of National cocoa (fine aroma) and CCN 51, which have the largest area planted in Ecuador. For its preparation, the starting point was the product concept: "dark chocolate made from a blend of Ecuadorian fine aroma cocoa with a natural, sweet flavor". The cocoa beans were measured for index and dimensions, testa percentage, whiteness index and porosity percentage, as well as protein, fat, humidity, ash, fiber and carbohydrates. According to the experimental design of the response surface method, dark chocolates were made with 60, 70 and 80 percent cocoa, consisting of 90/10, 80/20 and 70/30 mixtures of National cocoa and CCN 51, respectively; the following were determined: particle size, whiteness index, viscosity and minimum yield stress. The optimum formula was obtained as follows: 80 percent cocoa (70/30), 19.6 percent sugar and 0.04 percent soy lecithin, to which corresponded a desirability coefficient of 96 percent obtained by the multiple response optimization method; formula having 9.89; 46.81; 2.83; 2.35; 38.12 and 2.5 percent crude protein, tan fat, moisture, ash, total carbohydrates and crude fiber, respectively; as well as a sensory acceptability of 8.57 on a 10-point scale.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Ciencia de Alimentos
Keywords
Cacao nacional
Citation
Date
2023
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess