Caracterización de poblaciones peruanas del nematodo del nódulo de la raíz (Meloidogyne spp.) en vid (Vitis vinífera L.)
Authors
Varas Huaroto, Noemi
Abstract
La vid es uno de los cultivos más importantes para la economía peruana, con una superficie en nuestro país de 17,683 has. Es susceptible a diferentes géneros de organismos fitopatógenos, principalmente al “nematodo del nudo” (Meloidogyne spp.), detectados con altos niveles de infestación. Por esta razón el objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar las poblaciones de Meloidogyne spp., en las principales zonas productoras de vid del Perú. Para el desarrollo del estudio se analizaron 391 muestras, seleccionando las muestras con mayores densidades poblacionales. Los resultados de 17 corridas electroforéticas en muestras de los departamentos: Arequipa, Ica, Ancash y Piura, indican que M. arenaria, es la especie predominante a con una incidencia de 53.8 %, seguida de M. incognita, con incidencia del 15.4 %; M. sp2, con incidencia del 11.5 %; M. javanica, con incidencia del 7.7 %; M. sp3, con 7.7 % de incidencia y M. morociensis, con incidencia del 3.8 %. También se encontró que el portainjerto predominante en nuestro país, es Salt Creek, seguido de Poulsen, MGT, R110, Freedom y Harmony. M. arenaria, se detectó en todos los patrones a excepción de Harmony; M. incognita se encontró ausente en los patrones Freedom y Harmony, mientras que M. javanica se encontró solo en el patrón Harmony. Además se caracterizó otros géneros de nematodos fitopatógenos asociados al cultivo de Vid: Meloidogyne sp, Rotylenchulus sp, Helicotylenchus sp, Xiphinema sp, Criconema sp, Hemicycliophora sp, Tylenchulus sp, Pratylenchus sp, Paratylenchus sp, Tylenchorynchus sp, Hoplolaiumus sp, Criconemella sp y Trichodorus sp.
The grapevine is one of the most important crops for the Peruvian economy, with a surface of 17,683 has. It is susceptible to different, genera of phytopathogenic organisms, mainly to the "knot nematode" (Meloidogyne spp.), present in high levels of infestation. For this reason, the objective of this study was to characterize the populations of Meloidogyne spp., in the main grapevine producing areas of Peru. For the development of the study, 391 samples were analyzed, selecting the samples with the highest population densities. The results of 17 electrophoretic runs in samples from the departments of Arequipa, Ica, Ancash and Piura, indicated that M. arenaria is the predominant species, with an incidence of 53.8 %, followed by M. incognita, with an incidence of 15.4 %; M. sp2, with an incidence of 11.5 %; M. javanica, with an incidence of 7.7 %; M. sp3, with 7.7 % incidence and M. morociensis, with an incidence of 3.8 %. It was also found that the predominant rootstocks in our country is Salt Creek, followed by Poulsen, MGT, R110, Freedom and Harmony. M. arenaria, was detected in all the rootstocks except Harmony; M. incognita was found absent in Freedom and Harmony rootstocks, whereas M. javanica was found only in Harmony rootstock. In addition, the following genera of phytopathogenic nematodes associated with grapevine cultivation were characterized: Meloidogyne sp, Rotylenchulus sp, Helicotylenchus sp, Xiphinema sp, Criconema sp, Hemicycliophora sp, Tylenchulus sp, Pratylenchus sp, Paratylenchus sp, Tylenchorynchus sp, Hoplolaiumus sp, Criconemella sp and Trichodorus sp
The grapevine is one of the most important crops for the Peruvian economy, with a surface of 17,683 has. It is susceptible to different, genera of phytopathogenic organisms, mainly to the "knot nematode" (Meloidogyne spp.), present in high levels of infestation. For this reason, the objective of this study was to characterize the populations of Meloidogyne spp., in the main grapevine producing areas of Peru. For the development of the study, 391 samples were analyzed, selecting the samples with the highest population densities. The results of 17 electrophoretic runs in samples from the departments of Arequipa, Ica, Ancash and Piura, indicated that M. arenaria is the predominant species, with an incidence of 53.8 %, followed by M. incognita, with an incidence of 15.4 %; M. sp2, with an incidence of 11.5 %; M. javanica, with an incidence of 7.7 %; M. sp3, with 7.7 % incidence and M. morociensis, with an incidence of 3.8 %. It was also found that the predominant rootstocks in our country is Salt Creek, followed by Poulsen, MGT, R110, Freedom and Harmony. M. arenaria, was detected in all the rootstocks except Harmony; M. incognita was found absent in Freedom and Harmony rootstocks, whereas M. javanica was found only in Harmony rootstock. In addition, the following genera of phytopathogenic nematodes associated with grapevine cultivation were characterized: Meloidogyne sp, Rotylenchulus sp, Helicotylenchus sp, Xiphinema sp, Criconema sp, Hemicycliophora sp, Tylenchulus sp, Pratylenchus sp, Paratylenchus sp, Tylenchorynchus sp, Hoplolaiumus sp, Criconemella sp and Trichodorus sp
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Fitopatología
Keywords
Vitis vinífera, Meloidogyne, Densidad de la población, Población animal, Dinámica de población, Estructura de la población, Género, Identificación, Anatomía animal, Evaluación, Perú, Nematodo del nódulo de la raíz, Zonas de producción
Citation
Date
2018
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