Huella hídrica de los productos agrícolas de la Región Junín comercializadas en la ciudad de Lima
Authors
Mallma Capcha, Tito
Abstract
Esta investigación proporciona un procedimiento para determinar la huella hídrica de los principales productos agrícolas que se comercializan desde la región Junín al mercado de la ciudad de Lima. Para tal fin, se desarrolló un modelo conceptual que inicia con datos meteorológicos de la zona, en base a estos datos se estimó la evapotranspiración de referencia (ETo), eligiéndose luego los cultivos a los cuales se asignaron los valores del coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) según estudios realizados en dicha zona. Con ello, se ha determinado la evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc), que conjuntamente con la superficie del terreno (por unidad de hectárea), sirvió para estimar el requerimiento de agua del cultivo (RAC). Con este resultado y el rendimiento de cada cultivo (RC) se ha determinado el contenido de agua virtual (V) de cada producto agrícola, el cual es expresado en litros de agua virtual por kilo del producto. Con éste valor y la cantidad de producto comercializado (Ej) se estimó el agua virtual que es transferida (AVt) hacia el mercado de la ciudad de Lima. Los valores de agua virtual de los productos agrícolas como la papa, trigo, choclo, maíz grano, haba verde, haba grano, arveja verde, alcachofa, zanahoria, cebolla, ajo, cebada, quinua y olluco, fluctúan entre 0,008 a 75,52 Hm3, siendo la huella hídrica total de 161,28 Hm3/año para los 14 cultivos estudiados. Los valores de agua virtual de cada uno de los productos varían, entre un año y otro, en sus cantidades comercializadas; y depende de la producción en la región Junín, la que a su vez está condicionada, esencialmente, a factores como el clima, la demanda del consumidor y la tecnología empleada en los sistemas de producción. Adicionalmente, los resultados indican que los volúmenes de agua virtual entre productos varían por las cantidades comercializadas. Así por ejemplo, el consumo de un kilo de papa en la ciudad de Lima implica la transferencia de 290,92 litros de “agua virtual” desde la región de Junín, donde se produce este producto.
This research provides a method for determining the water footprint of the main agricultural products sold from the Junín region to market of the Lima city. To this end, a conceptual model that starts with meteorological data in the area was developed, based on these data the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated, after being selected crops to which the crop coefficient values were assigned (Kc) according to studies in this area. This has allowed to determine crop evapotranspiration (ETc), which together with the soil surface (per unit of hectare) were used to estimate crop water requirements (RAC). With this result and the crop production (RC) has determined the virtual water content (V) of each agricultural product which is expressed in liters of virtual water per kilogram of product. With this value and the amount of product sold (Ej) the virtual water that is transferred (AVt) to the market Lima was estimated. Virtual water values for agricultural products such as potatoes, wheat, corn, grain corn, green bean, beans, green peas, artichokes, carrots, onion, garlic, barley, quinoa, and root vegetables, ranging from 0,008 to 75,52 Hm3, with a total water footprint of 161,28 Hm3/ year for the 14 crops studied. Virtual water values of each product vary, from one year to another, in their amounts marketed; and it depends on production in the Junín region, which in turn is conditioned essentially to several factors such as climate, consumer demand and the technology used in production systems. Additionally, the results show that the volumes of virtual water between products vary by the quantities marketed. For example, the consumption of a kilogram of potatoes in Lima involves the transfer of 290,92 liters of "virtual water" from the region of Junín, where the product is produced.
This research provides a method for determining the water footprint of the main agricultural products sold from the Junín region to market of the Lima city. To this end, a conceptual model that starts with meteorological data in the area was developed, based on these data the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated, after being selected crops to which the crop coefficient values were assigned (Kc) according to studies in this area. This has allowed to determine crop evapotranspiration (ETc), which together with the soil surface (per unit of hectare) were used to estimate crop water requirements (RAC). With this result and the crop production (RC) has determined the virtual water content (V) of each agricultural product which is expressed in liters of virtual water per kilogram of product. With this value and the amount of product sold (Ej) the virtual water that is transferred (AVt) to the market Lima was estimated. Virtual water values for agricultural products such as potatoes, wheat, corn, grain corn, green bean, beans, green peas, artichokes, carrots, onion, garlic, barley, quinoa, and root vegetables, ranging from 0,008 to 75,52 Hm3, with a total water footprint of 161,28 Hm3/ year for the 14 crops studied. Virtual water values of each product vary, from one year to another, in their amounts marketed; and it depends on production in the Junín region, which in turn is conditioned essentially to several factors such as climate, consumer demand and the technology used in production systems. Additionally, the results show that the volumes of virtual water between products vary by the quantities marketed. For example, the consumption of a kilogram of potatoes in Lima involves the transfer of 290,92 liters of "virtual water" from the region of Junín, where the product is produced.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Recursos Hídricos
Keywords
Sierra central, Lima metropolitana, Región junin, Volumen de agua virtual, Productos agrícolas, Disponibilidad del agua, Modelos de simulación, Mercados, Valor económico, Evaluación, Zona de montaña, Costa, Perú, Huella hidrica
Citation
Date
2015
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