Caracterización de especies de Lasiodiplodia que afectan el cultivo de palto (Persea americana) en la costa peruana
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Authors
Vicuña Rossell, Ana Ysabel
Abstract
La palta (Persea americana Mill.) variedad Hass es un frutal importante y ampliamente cultivada en varios departamentos en la costa del Perú. En los últimos años se ha observado una fuerte incidencia de lesiones o cancros en ramas de palto con presencia de exudaciones blanquecinas y muerte regresiva que causaron alarma en las zonas productoras de Piura, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Ancash, Lima e Ica. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron identificar las especies de Lasiodiplodia asociadas con estos síntomas, determinar la distribución de estas especies y probar su patogenicidad y virulencia en plantas de palto Hass. En el 2018, se recolectaron muestras sintomáticas en las zonas productoras antes mencionadas de palto, y se obtuvieron 364 aislamientos de Lasiodiplodia. La identificación se realizó mediante análisis filogenético basado en datos de secuencias de ADN de la región espaciadora transcrita interna y parte de los genes del factor de elongación de traducción 1-α. Los análisis de secuencia se llevaron a cabo utilizando el método de máxima verosimilitud. Se identificaron cuatro especies de Lasiodiplodia como Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Lasiodiplodia egyptiacae y Lasiodiplodia parva. Todas las especies de Lasiodiplodia del presente estudio se reportaron por primera vez en asociación con palto Hass en Perú y en todo el mundo. L. theobromae con el 68.96 por ciento de los aislamientos, fue la especie con mayor frecuencia aislada, seguida de L. pseudotheobromae con 19.78 por ciento y L. egyptiacae con 10.99 por ciento. La patogenicidad en plantas jóvenes de palto Hass inoculados con discos miceliales mostro que todas las especies de Lasiodiplodia identificadas fueron patogénicas causando cancros y lesiones necróticas en el tejido interno, L. pseudotheobromae y L. egyptiacae fueron las más virulentas.
The avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Hass variety is an important fruit crop and widely cultivated in various departments of the coast of Peru. In recent years, a strong incidence of lesions or cankers has been observed in avocado branches with the presence of whitish exudations and regressive death that caused alarm in the producing areas of Piura, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Ancash, Lima and Ica. The objectives of this study were to identify the Lasiodiplodia species associated with these symptoms, determine the distribution of these species, and test their pathogenicity and virulence in Hass avocado plants. In 2018, symptomatic samples were collected in the aforementioned avocado producing areas, and 364 isolates of Lasiodiplodia were obtained. Identification was carried out by phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α genes. Maximum sequence analyzes were carried out using the plausibility method. Four species of Lasiodiplodia were identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Lasiodiplodia egyptiacae and Lasiodiplodia parva. All Lasiodiplodia species in the present study were reported for the first time in association with Hass avocado in Peru and around the world. L. theobromae with 68.96 percent of the isolates, was the species with the highest frequency isolated, followed by L. pseudotheobromae with 19.78 percent and L. egyptiacae with 10.99 percent. The pathogenicity in young Hass avocado plants inoculated with mycelial discs showed that all identified Lasiodiplodia species were pathogenic, causing cankers and necrotic lesions in the internal tissue, L. pseudotheobromae and L. egyptiacae were the most virulent.
The avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Hass variety is an important fruit crop and widely cultivated in various departments of the coast of Peru. In recent years, a strong incidence of lesions or cankers has been observed in avocado branches with the presence of whitish exudations and regressive death that caused alarm in the producing areas of Piura, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Ancash, Lima and Ica. The objectives of this study were to identify the Lasiodiplodia species associated with these symptoms, determine the distribution of these species, and test their pathogenicity and virulence in Hass avocado plants. In 2018, symptomatic samples were collected in the aforementioned avocado producing areas, and 364 isolates of Lasiodiplodia were obtained. Identification was carried out by phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α genes. Maximum sequence analyzes were carried out using the plausibility method. Four species of Lasiodiplodia were identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Lasiodiplodia egyptiacae and Lasiodiplodia parva. All Lasiodiplodia species in the present study were reported for the first time in association with Hass avocado in Peru and around the world. L. theobromae with 68.96 percent of the isolates, was the species with the highest frequency isolated, followed by L. pseudotheobromae with 19.78 percent and L. egyptiacae with 10.99 percent. The pathogenicity in young Hass avocado plants inoculated with mycelial discs showed that all identified Lasiodiplodia species were pathogenic, causing cankers and necrotic lesions in the internal tissue, L. pseudotheobromae and L. egyptiacae were the most virulent.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Fitopatología
Keywords
Palto
Citation
Date
2023
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