Análisis de la producción del hongo comestible Pleurotus ostreatus obtenida a partir de los subproductos de la etapa de despulpado del café
Authors
Mendoza Soto, Hilda Evita
Abstract
Los residuos sólidos generados del proceso de Beneficio Húmedo del café Coffea arábica, conformados en su gran parte por la pulpa del cerezo del cafeto, material completamente orgánico y rico en azúcares, son mal dispuestos en las fincas, representando una fuente de contaminación de suelo, cuerpos de agua y la salud humana. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se propuso como alternativa de tratamiento la utilización de la pulpa de café como sustrato para la producción del hongo comestible Pleurotus ostreatus. La producción se evalúo mediante tres indicadores: La eficiencia biológica (E.B%), la tasa de producción (Tp) y la tasa de biodegradación del sustrato (Bs%). Para esto se trabajó con tres tratamientos, los cuales se diferenciaban por la cantidad (%p/p) de pulpa de café que contienen: El tratamiento 1 (T1:100% viruta de bolaina blanca), el tratamiento 2 (T2:50% pulpa de café + 50% viruta de bolaina blanca) y el tratamiento 3 (T3:100% pulpa de café). Se obtuvieron como resultado una eficiencia biológica de 37.2% para T1, 96.5% para T2 y 15.7% para T3; tasa de producción de 0.47 para T1, 0.75 para T2 y 0.13 para T3; tasa de biodegradación del sustrato de 22.9% para T1, 31.8% para T2 y 14.0% para T3. A ningún tratamiento se le adicionaron suplementos orgánicos o inorgánicos que pudiesen estimular la producción. Con esta investigación se demostró que la pulpa de café mezclada con viruta de bolaina blanca resultan ser un sustrato adecuado para la producción del hongo comestible Pleurotus ostreatus.
Solid waste generated from Coffea arabica Wet Benefit process, these residues are made up for the most part by the cherry pulp of the coffee, completely organic material and rich in sugars, are poorly arranged on the farms, representing a source of soil contamination, bodies of water and human health. Considering the bove, to use coffee pulp as a Pleurotus ostreatus edible mushroom substrate is a proposed treatment alternative. Production was evaluated by three indicators: Biological efficiency (E.B%), Production rate (Tp) and Substrate biodegradation rate (Bs%). There were three treatments, which differed by the amount (%w/w) of coffee pulp: Treatment 1 (T1:100% white bolaine chip), Treatment 2 (T2:50% coffee pulp and 50% white bolaine chip) and Treatment 3 (T3:100% coffee pulp). A biological efficiency of 37.2% was obtained for T1, 96.5% for T2 and 15.7% for T3; production rate of 0.47 for T1, 0.75 for T2 and 0.13 for T3; 22.9% substrate biodegradation rate for T1, 31.8% for T2 and 14.0% for T3. No treatment was added organic or inorganic supplements that could stimulate production. This research showed that coffee pulp mixed with white bolaine chip turns out to be a suitable substrate for the production of mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus.
Solid waste generated from Coffea arabica Wet Benefit process, these residues are made up for the most part by the cherry pulp of the coffee, completely organic material and rich in sugars, are poorly arranged on the farms, representing a source of soil contamination, bodies of water and human health. Considering the bove, to use coffee pulp as a Pleurotus ostreatus edible mushroom substrate is a proposed treatment alternative. Production was evaluated by three indicators: Biological efficiency (E.B%), Production rate (Tp) and Substrate biodegradation rate (Bs%). There were three treatments, which differed by the amount (%w/w) of coffee pulp: Treatment 1 (T1:100% white bolaine chip), Treatment 2 (T2:50% coffee pulp and 50% white bolaine chip) and Treatment 3 (T3:100% coffee pulp). A biological efficiency of 37.2% was obtained for T1, 96.5% for T2 and 15.7% for T3; production rate of 0.47 for T1, 0.75 for T2 and 0.13 for T3; 22.9% substrate biodegradation rate for T1, 31.8% for T2 and 14.0% for T3. No treatment was added organic or inorganic supplements that could stimulate production. This research showed that coffee pulp mixed with white bolaine chip turns out to be a suitable substrate for the production of mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Física y Meteorología
Keywords
Café, Coffea arabica, Hongo ostra, Evaluación, Viabilidad, Desarrollo de un producto, Procesamiento de alimentos, Pleurotus ostreatus
Citation
Date
2020
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