Entomofauna predadora de suelo en alcachofa (Cynara scolymus L.) y palto (Persea americana M.) en vegueta, provincia Huaura-Lima
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Authors
Larco Aguilar, Amada Victoria
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la composición y abundancia de los artrópodos predadores de suelo, así como la influencia de las labores y aplicaciones fitosanitarias sobre ésta, en los cultivos de alcachofa y palto. La investigación se llevó a cabo en dos campos comerciales (alcachofa y palto) ubicados en Vegueta – Huaura, desde junio hasta noviembre del 2016. Se instalaron 10 trampas pitfall por campo y se efectuaron las colectas cada siete días. Los individuos colectados se separaron en morfotipos, se registró el número de cada uno, se codificaron e identificaron en el Museo Klaus Raven del Departamento de Entomología. Con estos datos se obtuvieron la abundancia total y relativa de especies, la composición, la fluctuación estacional de las especies más abundantes; su relación con las labores culturales y aplicaciones de plaguicidas; así como la curva de acumulación de especies. En ambos cultivos, los predadores colectados pertenecen a los órdenes Araneae, Coleoptera y Dermaptera. En alcachofa la especie más abundante fue Blennidus peruvianus (Col.: Carabidae), con 551 individuos. Además de Mermessus fradeorum (Araneae: Linyphiidae) con 124 individuos, Labidura riparia y Euborellia sp., con 25 y 14, respectivamente. En palto, las especies más abundantes fueron del orden Araneae. Así se registró a Loxosceles laeta (Sicariidae), Lycosa thorelli (Lycosidae) y Dysdera crocata (Dysderidae), con 153, 144 y 106 individuos respectivamente. Otras especies colectadas fueron Blennidus peruvianus con 50 individuos, Euborellia sp. y Labidura riparia, con 17 y 14 individuos. La fluctuación estacional de los predadores colectados no mostró influencia significativa de la temperatura. Sin embargo, sí mostró impacto negativo de la aplicación de plaguicidas y labores culturales; sobre todo la cosecha en alcachofa, debido al paso diario de los cosechadores. Asimismo, los indicadores de diversidad mostraron que se tuvo una eficiencia de muestreo cercana al 100%.
The aim of this study was to establish the composition and amount of the arthropod predators of the soil, also the influence of the phytosanitary applications and labors on it, in the fields of artichoke and avocado crops. The research was conducted in commercial crops in the city of Vegueta-Huaura, since June til November 2016. The procedure consisted to install 10 pitfall traps for each investigated field, and the data gathering was every seven days. The collected individuals were separated in morphotypes. We registered every one of them with codes and identified them at the Klaus Raven Entomology Museum. We obtained the data of the total and relative number of predators, especies composition; the seasonal fluctuation curve of the species, the connection between the management of the crops and the pesticides applications with this curve; and the species accumulation curve. In both, avocado and artichoke crops, the collected predators belonged to order of Araneae, Coleoptera and Dermaptera. In artichoke, the specie with big amounts was Blennidus peruvianus (Col.: Carabidae), con 551 individuals. In addition to that, we found Mermessus fradeorum (Araneae: Linyphiidae) with 124 individuals, Labidura riparia y Euborellia sp., with 24 and 14 individuals correspondingly. In avocado, the most abundant species were spiders such as Loxosceles laeta (Sicariidae), Lycosa thorelli (Lycosidae) y Dysdera crocata (Dysderidae), with 153, 144 y 106 individuals correspondingly. Another species were Blennidus peruvianus with 50 individuals, Euborellia sp. and Labidura riparia, with 17 and 14 individuals. The seasonal fluctuation of the collected predators didn’t show a significant difference in temperature. Although it did show a negative impact of the management of the crops and the application of pesticides, especially the people that dairy harvest the artichoke stepping the ground around the plants. Besides the indicators of diversity showed that the sampling was close to 100% efficiency.
The aim of this study was to establish the composition and amount of the arthropod predators of the soil, also the influence of the phytosanitary applications and labors on it, in the fields of artichoke and avocado crops. The research was conducted in commercial crops in the city of Vegueta-Huaura, since June til November 2016. The procedure consisted to install 10 pitfall traps for each investigated field, and the data gathering was every seven days. The collected individuals were separated in morphotypes. We registered every one of them with codes and identified them at the Klaus Raven Entomology Museum. We obtained the data of the total and relative number of predators, especies composition; the seasonal fluctuation curve of the species, the connection between the management of the crops and the pesticides applications with this curve; and the species accumulation curve. In both, avocado and artichoke crops, the collected predators belonged to order of Araneae, Coleoptera and Dermaptera. In artichoke, the specie with big amounts was Blennidus peruvianus (Col.: Carabidae), con 551 individuals. In addition to that, we found Mermessus fradeorum (Araneae: Linyphiidae) with 124 individuals, Labidura riparia y Euborellia sp., with 24 and 14 individuals correspondingly. In avocado, the most abundant species were spiders such as Loxosceles laeta (Sicariidae), Lycosa thorelli (Lycosidae) y Dysdera crocata (Dysderidae), with 153, 144 y 106 individuals correspondingly. Another species were Blennidus peruvianus with 50 individuals, Euborellia sp. and Labidura riparia, with 17 and 14 individuals. The seasonal fluctuation of the collected predators didn’t show a significant difference in temperature. Although it did show a negative impact of the management of the crops and the application of pesticides, especially the people that dairy harvest the artichoke stepping the ground around the plants. Besides the indicators of diversity showed that the sampling was close to 100% efficiency.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Manejo Integrado de Plagas
Keywords
Cynara scolymus; Persea americana; Plagas de plantas; Relaciones planta suelo; Fauna del suelo; Arthropoda; Control de plagas; Evaluación; Perú; Artrópodos depredadores; Predadores de suelo; Trampas pitfall
Citation
Date
2018
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess