Estrategias para la obtención de ingredientes bioactivos a partir de residuos de agroexportación para su aplicación en el sector agroalimentario
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Authors
Flores Bedregal, Eder Duany
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Abstract
El sector agroexportador peruano genera grandes volúmenes de residuos que no se están aprovechando de manera eficiente, pese a que constituyen una fuente valiosa de compuestos bioactivos, principalmente polifenoles, con alto potencial de valorización comercial. En este contexto, el autor del presente trabajo, durante su experiencia profesional en la empresa Camposol, ejecutó dos proyectos cofinanciados por Prociencia y ProInnóvate orientados a la recuperación piloto de polifenoles a partir de residuos y a la formulación de una hoja de ruta bajo con enfoque en biorrefinerías. Con base en dicha experiencia, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo proponer estrategias para la obtención de ingredientes bioactivos a partir de residuos generados por la agroexportación peruana, tomando como caso de estudio los residuos del procesamiento de mango. El sector genera aproximadamente 23 mil toneladas anuales de residuos de mango, concentradas principalmente en las regiones de Piura, Lambayeque y La Libertad. La revisión del estado del arte demuestra que los extractos obtenidos a partir de estos residuos pueden emplearse como ingredientes nutracéuticos y preservantes alimentarios naturales. Asimismo, se identificó que los residuos de mango poseen potencial para la obtención de otros productos de alto valor, como películas de biopolímeros, alternativas a la manteca de cacao, aditivos alimentarios y compuestos prebióticos. Finalmente, el flujo de procesos propuesto consideró la cáscara de mango como materia prima principal e incorporó, entre las alternativas verdes reportadas en la literatura, la extracción asistida por ultrasonido utilizando solventes eutécticos profundos y la microencapsulación mediante secado por aspersión. De esta manera, la estrategia planteada, basada en la bioeconomía, impulsa la obtención sostenible de ingredientes bioactivos de alto valor comercial y contribuye a la transición hacia un modelo de economía circular en el sector agroexportador, especialmente en la costa norte del Perú.
The Peruvian agricultural export sector generates large volumes of waste that are not being used efficiently, despite being a valuable source of bioactive compounds, primarily polyphenols, with high potential for commercial valorization. In this context, the author of this work, during his professional experience at the company Camposol, carried out two projects co-financed by Prociencia and ProInnóvate focused on the pilot recovery of polyphenols from waste and the formulation of a roadmap with a focus on biorefineries. Based on this experience, this work aimed to propose strategies for obtaining bioactive ingredients from waste generated by Peruvian agricultural exports, using mango processing waste as a case study. The sector generates approximately 23,000 tons of mango waste annually, concentrated mainly in the Piura, Lambayeque, and La Libertad regions. A review of the state of the art demonstrates that extracts obtained from this waste can be used as nutraceutical ingredients and natural food preservatives. Furthermore, mango waste was identified as having potential for obtaining other high-value products, such as biopolymer films, cocoa butter alternatives, food additives, and prebiotic compounds. Finally, the proposed process flow considered mango peel as the main raw material and incorporated, among the green alternatives reported in the literature, ultrasound-assisted extraction using deep eutectic solvents and microencapsulation by spray drying. In this way, the proposed strategy, based on the bioeconomy, promotes the sustainable production of bioactive ingredients with high commercial value and contributes to the transition towards a circular economy model in the agricultural export sector, especially on the northern coast of Peru.
The Peruvian agricultural export sector generates large volumes of waste that are not being used efficiently, despite being a valuable source of bioactive compounds, primarily polyphenols, with high potential for commercial valorization. In this context, the author of this work, during his professional experience at the company Camposol, carried out two projects co-financed by Prociencia and ProInnóvate focused on the pilot recovery of polyphenols from waste and the formulation of a roadmap with a focus on biorefineries. Based on this experience, this work aimed to propose strategies for obtaining bioactive ingredients from waste generated by Peruvian agricultural exports, using mango processing waste as a case study. The sector generates approximately 23,000 tons of mango waste annually, concentrated mainly in the Piura, Lambayeque, and La Libertad regions. A review of the state of the art demonstrates that extracts obtained from this waste can be used as nutraceutical ingredients and natural food preservatives. Furthermore, mango waste was identified as having potential for obtaining other high-value products, such as biopolymer films, cocoa butter alternatives, food additives, and prebiotic compounds. Finally, the proposed process flow considered mango peel as the main raw material and incorporated, among the green alternatives reported in the literature, ultrasound-assisted extraction using deep eutectic solvents and microencapsulation by spray drying. In this way, the proposed strategy, based on the bioeconomy, promotes the sustainable production of bioactive ingredients with high commercial value and contributes to the transition towards a circular economy model in the agricultural export sector, especially on the northern coast of Peru.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento
Académico de Biología
Keywords
Ingredientes bioactivo
Citation
Date
2025
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