Retención proteica y lipídica corporal de juveniles de tilapia gris (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivados en sistemas biofloc a diferentes relaciones C:N
Authors
Zapata Lovera, Katherine Patricia
Abstract
La presente investigación evaluó los efecto de tres relaciones carbono:nitrógeno (C:N) en cultivos de sistema biofloc (SBF) sobre la retención proteico y lipídico corporal de juveniles de Oreochromis niloticus, parámetros productivos y parámetros de la calidad del agua, durante 58 días. Mediante un diseño completo al azar con cuatro tratamientos y tres repeticiones: control (CL) y tres SBF con relaciones C:N de 10:1, 15:1 y 20:1, repartidos en doce tanques de 0.04m3, con 30 peces cada uno (peso promedio: 1.55±0.01g). Se administró una dieta comercial (proteína: 40 por ciento, lípidos: 9 por ciento) a tasas alimenticias del 10 por ciento (primeros 30 días) y 7 por ciento (28 días posteriores). Semanalmente se evaluaron los parámetros físico-químicos del agua y productivos de los peces. Se adicionó melaza como fuente de carbono orgánico e hidróxido de calcio como fuente de carbonatos. Al finalizar, el experimento se obtuvo diferencias significativas entre retención proteico de los peces cultivados en el CL y los SBF (p<0.05), debido a la presencia de comunidades microbianas en estos últimos; además el valor de la proteína productiva (VPP) en los tratamientos SBF, indican que el nitrógeno no aprovechado sirvió para la formación de la proteína microbiana, aumentando la retención corporal de proteína en tilapia hasta el 50 por ciento. La retención lipídica no presentó diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos (p>0.05). La interacción entre la calidad de agua y los parámetros productivos en el tratamiento C:N 10:1 favoreció la menor producción de sólidos sedimentables (38.61±0.54ml.l-1) logrando alcanzar una mayor carga final (15.50±0.81Kg.m-3), a diferencia del control que alcanzó un rápido crecimiento (22.35±0.26g) con menor supervivencia (61.11±5.09 por ciento). En síntesis, la relación C:N de 10:1 otorga mayor retención proteica corporal , alta supervivencia y carga final, y baja conversión alimenticia en el cultivo de juveniles de Oreochromis niloticus.
The study evaluated the effect of three carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratios in biofloc system (BFT) on the body protein and lipid retention of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus, productivity and water quality parameters, for 58 days. Using a complete randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications: control (CL) and three BFT with C:N ratios of 10:1, 15:1 and 20:1, divided into twelve 0.04m3 tanks, with 30 fish each one (average weight: 1.55±0.01g). A commercial diet (40 percent of protein and 9 percent of lipids) was proportioned at food rate of 10 percent (first 30 days) and 7 percent (next 28 days). Weekly, physics-chemical parameters of water quality and productivity parameters were evaluated; also, molasses was added as a source of organic carbon and calcium hydroxide as carbonate source. At the end of the experiment significant differences was found between the protein retention of fish in CL versus BFT (p <0.05), due to the presence of microbial communities in BFT. The protein productive value (PPV) in BFT treatments, indicate that unutilized nitrogen was used to the formation of microbial protein, incrementing the body protein retention up to 50 percent. The lipid retention showed no significant different between treatments (p> 0.05). The interaction between water quality and productivity parameters in the treatment C:N 10:1 favored in lower the production of settleable solids (38.61±0.54ml.l-1) achieving a higher final load (15.50±0.81Kg.m-3), however the control achieved rapid growth (22.35±0.26g) with less survival rate (61.11±5.09 percent). In short, the C: N ratio of 10:1 gives greater body protein retention, high survival and final load, and low feed conversion ratio in the cultivation of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus.
The study evaluated the effect of three carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratios in biofloc system (BFT) on the body protein and lipid retention of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus, productivity and water quality parameters, for 58 days. Using a complete randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications: control (CL) and three BFT with C:N ratios of 10:1, 15:1 and 20:1, divided into twelve 0.04m3 tanks, with 30 fish each one (average weight: 1.55±0.01g). A commercial diet (40 percent of protein and 9 percent of lipids) was proportioned at food rate of 10 percent (first 30 days) and 7 percent (next 28 days). Weekly, physics-chemical parameters of water quality and productivity parameters were evaluated; also, molasses was added as a source of organic carbon and calcium hydroxide as carbonate source. At the end of the experiment significant differences was found between the protein retention of fish in CL versus BFT (p <0.05), due to the presence of microbial communities in BFT. The protein productive value (PPV) in BFT treatments, indicate that unutilized nitrogen was used to the formation of microbial protein, incrementing the body protein retention up to 50 percent. The lipid retention showed no significant different between treatments (p> 0.05). The interaction between water quality and productivity parameters in the treatment C:N 10:1 favored in lower the production of settleable solids (38.61±0.54ml.l-1) achieving a higher final load (15.50±0.81Kg.m-3), however the control achieved rapid growth (22.35±0.26g) with less survival rate (61.11±5.09 percent). In short, the C: N ratio of 10:1 gives greater body protein retention, high survival and final load, and low feed conversion ratio in the cultivation of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Acuicultura
Keywords
Oreochromis Niloticus; Formas juveniles; Carbono; Nitrógeno; Valor nutritivo; Sistemas de cría; Ganancia de peso; Tejido adiposo; Calidad del agua; Acuicultura; Evaluación; Perú; Relación C:N; Biofloc; Retención proteica corporal; Retención lipidica corporal
Citation
Date
2016
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