Uso de perfiles fisicoquímico y microbiológico para la selección de leche de vaca concentrada destinada a UHT
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Authors
Espinoza La Cruz, María del Carmen
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Abstract
La estabilidad térmica de la leche es una característica fundamental de la industria láctea, ya que se ve afectada por las distintas características fisicoquímicas, microbiológicas y sensoriales. El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo validar el uso de perfiles, fisicoquímico y microbiológico, como métodos predictivos para seleccionar la leche que ha de ser sometida a tratamiento UHT, verificando que el resultado obtenido con ellos sea similar al obtenido por la empresa a través del método de capilaridad, aplicado para evaluar la estabilidad térmica de la leche para su no coagulación. La elaboración de los perfiles se realizó en una primera etapa con datos recopilados de lotes de producción del periodo comprendido entre enero y noviembre del 2021, y la validación de los mismos con datos de lotes producidos en el periodo diciembre del 2021 y febrero del 2022. Para el perfil fisicoquímico se tomaron datos de porcentaje de grasa, proteína, sólidos totales, °Brix, pH y acidez, correspondientes a lotes de leche que recibieron tratamiento UHT. Para el perfil microbiológico, datos de coliformes y mesófilos aerobios (ufc/mL) de los mismos lotes. El perfil fisicoquímico obtenido para ser utilizado como método predictivo tuvo los siguientes rangos: 10.6 - 11.16 por ciento de grasa, 37.02 - 37.82 por ciento de sólidos totales, 9.11 - 9.69 por ciento de proteína, 32.34 - 33.81 °Brix, 6.35 - 6.43 de pH (Planta de Majes), 6.43 - 6.46 de pH (Planta Lima), 0.42 - 0.44 de acidez (Planta Majes), 0.40 - 0.43 de acidez (Planta Lima) (expresado como ácido láctico). Con los datos obtenidos no se obtuvo el perfil microbiológico que fortalezca la eficacia del perfil fisicoquímico
The thermal stability of milk is a fundamental characteristic of the dairy industry, since it is affected by different physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics. The objective of this research work was to validate the use of physicochemical and microbiological profiles as predictive methods to select the milk to be subjected to UHT treatment, verifying that the result obtained with them is similar to that obtained by the company through the capillarity method, applied to evaluate the thermal stability of milk for its non-coagulation. The elaboration of the profiles was carried out in a first stage with data collected from production batches from the period between January and November 2021, and the validation of the same with data from batches produced in the period December 2021 and February 2022. For the physicochemical profile, data were taken for the percentage of fat, protein, total solids, °Brix, pH and acidity, corresponding to batches of milk that received UHT treatment. For the microbiological profile, data on coliforms and aerobic mesophiles (cfu/mL) were taken from the same batches. The physicochemical profile obtained to be used as a predictive method had the following ranges: 10.6 - 11.16 percent fat, 37.02 - 37.82 percent total solids, 9.11 - 9. 69 percent protein, 32.34 - 33.81 °Brix, 6.35 - 6.43 of pH (Majes Plant), 6.43 - 6.46 of pH (Lima Plant), 0.42 - 0.44 acidity (Majes Plant), 0.40 - 0.43 acidity (Lima Plant) (expressed as lactic acid). With the data obtained, the microbiological profile that strengthens the efficacy of the physicochemical profile was not obtained.
The thermal stability of milk is a fundamental characteristic of the dairy industry, since it is affected by different physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics. The objective of this research work was to validate the use of physicochemical and microbiological profiles as predictive methods to select the milk to be subjected to UHT treatment, verifying that the result obtained with them is similar to that obtained by the company through the capillarity method, applied to evaluate the thermal stability of milk for its non-coagulation. The elaboration of the profiles was carried out in a first stage with data collected from production batches from the period between January and November 2021, and the validation of the same with data from batches produced in the period December 2021 and February 2022. For the physicochemical profile, data were taken for the percentage of fat, protein, total solids, °Brix, pH and acidity, corresponding to batches of milk that received UHT treatment. For the microbiological profile, data on coliforms and aerobic mesophiles (cfu/mL) were taken from the same batches. The physicochemical profile obtained to be used as a predictive method had the following ranges: 10.6 - 11.16 percent fat, 37.02 - 37.82 percent total solids, 9.11 - 9. 69 percent protein, 32.34 - 33.81 °Brix, 6.35 - 6.43 of pH (Majes Plant), 6.43 - 6.46 of pH (Lima Plant), 0.42 - 0.44 acidity (Majes Plant), 0.40 - 0.43 acidity (Lima Plant) (expressed as lactic acid). With the data obtained, the microbiological profile that strengthens the efficacy of the physicochemical profile was not obtained.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias.
Departamento Académico de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios
Keywords
Leche concentrada
Citation
Date
2025
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