Modelamiento numérico para el análisis de la variación del nivel freático del acuífero del valle del río Lurín
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Authors
Díaz Jara, Paúl Jhonatan
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Abstract
El estudio se realizó en el acuífero del valle del río Lurín, Pachacamac y Cieneguilla, el objetivo fue construir un modelo numérico en un estado estacionario y transitorio bajo las condiciones actuales de explotación. Se hizo con la finalidad de predecir y analizar la variación y el descenso del nivel dinámico del agua subterránea. Asimismo, propone una solución para la recuperación gradual de los niveles de agua subterránea, fue evaluada en el estado transitorio predictivo mediante la aplicación de muros transversales. Para el análisis se empleó el modelo numérico MODFLOW, desarrollado por el Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos (USGS), el cual resuelve las ecuaciones de flujo subterráneo mediante el método de diferencias finitas en estado estacionario y/o transitorio. El área abarcó 124 km², un modelo de dos capas con celdas de 50x50 m en pozos de explotación y cauce del río. El modelo de malla regular, 500 columnas por 397 filas y fue elaborado para flujo estacionario, transitorio y transitorio predictivo. Los niveles de agua subterránea simulados fueron comparados con los medidos en los pozos de observación del año 2017, por la disponibilidad de información en los pozos de monitoreo. Y utilizados para la calibración del modelo mediante el ajuste manual de los parámetros de conductividad hidráulica y conductancia, por estar directamente relacionado con el espesor saturado del río y la permeabilidad del lecho, con ensayos del método del doble anillo. Los resultados indicaron un error cuadrático medio (RMS) de 1.347 %, que demostraron un buen desempeño del modelo. Asimismo, los resultados del modelo transitorio predictivo mostraron que las variaciones en los niveles de agua subterránea, bajo las condiciones actuales de explotación, tienden al descenso, con tasa promedio de 0.051 m/año en Lurín, 0.030 m/año en Pachacámac y 0.60 m/año en Cieneguilla. Finalmente, se evidenció una mejora en los niveles dinámicos del acuífero, permitiendo la extracción de agua con fines de abastecimiento hasta un volumen de 1 m³/s.
The study was carried out in the aquifer of the Lurín, Pachacámac and Cieneguilla river valley, the objective was to build a numerical model in a steady state and transient under current conditions of exploitation. This was done with the purpose of predicting and analyzing the variation and descent of the dynamic groundwater level. It also proposes a solution for the gradual recovery of groundwater levels, was evaluated in the predictive transient state by applying transverse walls. The numerical model MODFLOW, developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), which solves the groundwater flow equations using the finite difference method in steady state and/or transient state, was used for the analysis. The area covered 124 km², a two-layer model with 50x50 m cells in wells and riverbed. The model had a regular grid, 500 columns by 397 rows and was developed for stationary, transient and predictive transient flow. The simulated groundwater levels were compared with those measured in observation wells in 2017, due to the availability of information in monitoring wells. And used for model calibration by manually adjusting the hydraulic conductivity and conductance parameters, as they are directly related to the saturated thickness of the river and the permeability of the bed, with double ring method tests. The results indicated a root mean square error (RMS) of 1.347 %, which demonstrated a good performance of the model. Likewise, the results of the predictive transient model showed that variations in groundwater levels, under current exploitation conditions, tend to decrease, with an average rate of 0.051 m/year in Lurin, 0.030 m/year in Pachacámac and 0.60 m/year in Cieneguilla. Finally, there was evidence of an improvement in the dynamic levels of the aquifer, allowing the extraction of water for supply purposes up to a volume of 1 m³/s.
The study was carried out in the aquifer of the Lurín, Pachacámac and Cieneguilla river valley, the objective was to build a numerical model in a steady state and transient under current conditions of exploitation. This was done with the purpose of predicting and analyzing the variation and descent of the dynamic groundwater level. It also proposes a solution for the gradual recovery of groundwater levels, was evaluated in the predictive transient state by applying transverse walls. The numerical model MODFLOW, developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), which solves the groundwater flow equations using the finite difference method in steady state and/or transient state, was used for the analysis. The area covered 124 km², a two-layer model with 50x50 m cells in wells and riverbed. The model had a regular grid, 500 columns by 397 rows and was developed for stationary, transient and predictive transient flow. The simulated groundwater levels were compared with those measured in observation wells in 2017, due to the availability of information in monitoring wells. And used for model calibration by manually adjusting the hydraulic conductivity and conductance parameters, as they are directly related to the saturated thickness of the river and the permeability of the bed, with double ring method tests. The results indicated a root mean square error (RMS) of 1.347 %, which demonstrated a good performance of the model. Likewise, the results of the predictive transient model showed that variations in groundwater levels, under current exploitation conditions, tend to decrease, with an average rate of 0.051 m/year in Lurin, 0.030 m/year in Pachacámac and 0.60 m/year in Cieneguilla. Finally, there was evidence of an improvement in the dynamic levels of the aquifer, allowing the extraction of water for supply purposes up to a volume of 1 m³/s.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Recursos Hídricos
Keywords
Modelamiento numérico
Citation
Date
2025
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