Diversidad y distribución de la flora vascular en la Reserva Nacional Pampa Galeras Bárbara D´Achille
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Authors
Perea Benavides, Frank Mariano
Abstract
Los andes concentran la mayor parte de las superficies de pastos naturales del Perú, asimismo, los factores como la topografía, humedad, temperatura y clima, generan una extensa capa de vegetación, que cambia en cada piso altitudinal. La Reserva Nacional Pampa Galeras Bárbara D´Achille es un área natural protegida de suma importancia para la conservación de la población de vicuña, así como la flora y demás fauna del ecosistema. En este contexto, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general determinar la diversidad de flora vascular y su distribución en base a las vertientes y gradiente altitudinal. Es así que se instalaron 28 transectos lineales distribuyéndose de manera uniforme en el estrato superior e inferior de cada vertiente. En cada transecto se aplicó el método de intersección de puntos modificado, obteniendo como resultado 119 morfoespecies, de las cuales 57 fueron identificadas hasta especie, 52 hasta género y 10 hasta familia. Del total, 61 morfoespecies fueron registradas por transecto. Poaceae fue la familia más abundante, seguida de Asteraceae y Caryophyllaceae. Además, Lachemilla pinnata, Trifolium sp2, Phylloscirpus sp1 y Acaulimalva sp1 fueron las especies más abundantes. Respecto a la diversidad, se obtuvo 3.518 bits/ind del índice de Shannon, 0.92 del índice de Simpson (considerando su valor inverso) y 0.76 de equidad. Mientras que, en la distribución de las especies, no se encontró patrones en base a las vertientes, pero a nivel de altitud se identificaron 3 unidades de vegetación: “Vegetación de zona húmeda” representando el estrato inferior o cerca de las quebradas y ríos; “Vegetación de zona seca” representando el estrato superior o zona de mayor altitud y “Zonas de vegetación mixta” conformada por vegetación de los dos estratos. Por último, la cobertura vegetal por vertiente mostró que la quebrada Chocceccara presenta mayor cobertura (65%) seguida de Quishuar (57%) mientras que las abundancias de las vertientes de la quebrada LLamaiso y los ríos Ccochancca e Inkahuasi tienen 40%, 38% y 41% de cobertura vegetal respectivamente.
The Andes concentrate the majority of natural pasture surfaces in Peru, representing almost 90% of the national livestock. However, factors such as topography, humidity, temperature and climate generate an extensive layer of vegetation that changes at each altitudinal level. . The Pampa Galeras Bárbara D'Achille National Reserve is a protected natural area of utmost importance for the conservation of the vicuña population, as well as the flora and fauna of the ecosystem. In this context, the general objective of this research was to determine the diversity of vascular flora and its distribution based on the slopes and altitudinal gradient. Thus, 28 linear transects were installed, distributing them uniformly in the upper and lower strata of each slope. The modified point intersection method was applied to each transect, resulting in 119 morphospecies, of which 57 were identified to species, 52 to genus and 10 to family. Of the total, 61 morphospecies were recorded per transect. Poaceae was the most abundant family followed by Asteraceae and Caryophyllaceae. In addition, Lachemilla pinnata, Trifolium sp2, Phylloscirpus sp1 and Acaulimalva sp1 were the most abundant species. Regarding diversity, 3,518 bits/ind were obtained from the Shannon index, 0.92 from the Simpson index (considering its inverse value) and 0.76 from equity. While, in the distribution of the species, no patterns were found based on the slopes, but at the altitude level, 3 vegetation units were identified: “Wet zone vegetation” representing the lower stratum or near the streams and rivers; “Dry zone vegetation” representing the upper stratum or zone of higher altitude and “Mixed vegetation zones” made up of vegetation from the two strata. Finally, the vegetation cover by slope showed that the Chocceccara stream has the highest coverage (65%) followed by Quishuar (57%) while the abundances of the slopes of the LLamaiso stream and the Ccochancca and Inkahuasi rivers have 40%, 38%. and 41% vegetation cover respectively
The Andes concentrate the majority of natural pasture surfaces in Peru, representing almost 90% of the national livestock. However, factors such as topography, humidity, temperature and climate generate an extensive layer of vegetation that changes at each altitudinal level. . The Pampa Galeras Bárbara D'Achille National Reserve is a protected natural area of utmost importance for the conservation of the vicuña population, as well as the flora and fauna of the ecosystem. In this context, the general objective of this research was to determine the diversity of vascular flora and its distribution based on the slopes and altitudinal gradient. Thus, 28 linear transects were installed, distributing them uniformly in the upper and lower strata of each slope. The modified point intersection method was applied to each transect, resulting in 119 morphospecies, of which 57 were identified to species, 52 to genus and 10 to family. Of the total, 61 morphospecies were recorded per transect. Poaceae was the most abundant family followed by Asteraceae and Caryophyllaceae. In addition, Lachemilla pinnata, Trifolium sp2, Phylloscirpus sp1 and Acaulimalva sp1 were the most abundant species. Regarding diversity, 3,518 bits/ind were obtained from the Shannon index, 0.92 from the Simpson index (considering its inverse value) and 0.76 from equity. While, in the distribution of the species, no patterns were found based on the slopes, but at the altitude level, 3 vegetation units were identified: “Wet zone vegetation” representing the lower stratum or near the streams and rivers; “Dry zone vegetation” representing the upper stratum or zone of higher altitude and “Mixed vegetation zones” made up of vegetation from the two strata. Finally, the vegetation cover by slope showed that the Chocceccara stream has the highest coverage (65%) followed by Quishuar (57%) while the abundances of the slopes of the LLamaiso stream and the Ccochancca and Inkahuasi rivers have 40%, 38%. and 41% vegetation cover respectively
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento
Académico de Biología
Keywords
Reserva Nacional Pampa Galeras
Citation
Date
2024
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