Factores de la ampliación del periodo de revisión para declaraciones de impacto ambiental de proyectos de exploración minera. Periodo 2022-2023
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Authors
Sanabria Rodríguez, Nilton John
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Abstract
En el Perú, los proyectos de exploración minera requieren de la aprobación de una Certificación ambiental para obtener la autorización de inicio de sus actividades. Esta certificación se obtiene mediante la aprobación de un estudio ambiental en el que se detallan los componentes del proyecto, la descripción del área del proyecto, los impactos asociados a la actividad y el plan de manejo ambiental. Según el Reglamento de Protección Ambiental para proyectos de exploración minera, aprobado por D.S. N° 042-2017-EM, para proyectos de exploración mineras se puede presentar una Ficha Técnica Ambiental, una Declaración de Impacto Ambiental o un Estudio de Impacto Ambiental semidetallado. Cada uno de estos cuenta con un periodo de revisión por parte de la Dirección General de Asuntos Ambientales Mineros. Sin embargo, estos periodos son mucho más extensos que lo establecido en el TUPA del MINEM. En este TSP se analizaron las causas de la ampliación del periodo de evaluación de una DIA para proyectos de exploración minera en el Perú. Primero, se realizó una comparación de los términos de referencia (TdR) nacionales, establecidos en la R.M. N° 108-2018-MEM/DM, con el contenido de una DIA chilena, descrito en el Decreto 40 /2012 del Ministerio del Medio Ambienta de Chile. Segundo, se revisaron las fuentes usadas en la DIA y se evaluó la calidad de la información presentada en base a las observaciones realizadas por la DGAAM. Tercero, se analizó el sistema de revisión de una DIA peruana y una DIA chilena desde el ingreso del expediente hasta la aprobación de esta. Como resultado, se concluye que los términos de referencia de una DIA peruana son específicos para las actividades de exploración minera; sin embargo, su contenido puede ser reducido, debido a la significancia de sus impactos. Además, dependiendo del evaluador y del nivel de detalle que requiera, los tiempos de revisión se podrían extender. Por último, el sistema de revisión de los estudios ambientales peruanos es ineficiente, debido a la centralización de la revisión en un par de organizaciones, la DGAAM y la ANA.
In Peru, mining exploration projects require the approval of an environmental certification to obtain authorization to begin their activities. This certification is granted through the approval of an environmental study, which details the project components, the description of the project area, the impacts associated with the activity and the environmental management plan. According to the Environmental Protection Regulation for mining exploration projects, approved by Supreme Decree (D.S.) No. 042-2017-EM, mining exploration projects may submit an Environmental Technical Sheet (FTA), an Environmental Impact Declaration (DIA), or a Semi-detailed Environmental Impact Study (EIA-sd). Each of these undergoes a review period by the General Directorate of Mining Environmental Affairs (DGAAM). However, these review periods are often significantly longer than those established in the Unified Text of Administrative Procedures (TUPA) of the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MINEM). This TSP analyzed the causes of the extended evaluation period for a DIA in mining exploration projects in Peru. First, a comparison was made between the national Terms of Reference (ToR), established in Ministerial Resolution (R.M.) No. 108-2018-MEM/DM, and the content of a Chilean DIA, as outlined in Decree 40/2012 from the Ministry of the Environment of Chile. Second, the sources used in the DIA were reviewed, and the quality of the information submitted was evaluated based on observations made by the DGAAM. Third, the review systems of a Peruvian and a Chilean DIA were analyzed from the submission of the file to its approval. As a result, it was concluded that the Terms of Reference for a Peruvian DIA are specific to mining exploration activities; however, their content can be reduced due to the significance of the impacts. Additionally, depending on the reviewer and the level of detail required, the review periods may be extended. Finally, the review system for Peruvian environmental studies is inefficient due to the centralization of the review process in just two organizations: the DGAAM and the National Water Authority (ANA).
In Peru, mining exploration projects require the approval of an environmental certification to obtain authorization to begin their activities. This certification is granted through the approval of an environmental study, which details the project components, the description of the project area, the impacts associated with the activity and the environmental management plan. According to the Environmental Protection Regulation for mining exploration projects, approved by Supreme Decree (D.S.) No. 042-2017-EM, mining exploration projects may submit an Environmental Technical Sheet (FTA), an Environmental Impact Declaration (DIA), or a Semi-detailed Environmental Impact Study (EIA-sd). Each of these undergoes a review period by the General Directorate of Mining Environmental Affairs (DGAAM). However, these review periods are often significantly longer than those established in the Unified Text of Administrative Procedures (TUPA) of the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MINEM). This TSP analyzed the causes of the extended evaluation period for a DIA in mining exploration projects in Peru. First, a comparison was made between the national Terms of Reference (ToR), established in Ministerial Resolution (R.M.) No. 108-2018-MEM/DM, and the content of a Chilean DIA, as outlined in Decree 40/2012 from the Ministry of the Environment of Chile. Second, the sources used in the DIA were reviewed, and the quality of the information submitted was evaluated based on observations made by the DGAAM. Third, the review systems of a Peruvian and a Chilean DIA were analyzed from the submission of the file to its approval. As a result, it was concluded that the Terms of Reference for a Peruvian DIA are specific to mining exploration activities; however, their content can be reduced due to the significance of the impacts. Additionally, depending on the reviewer and the level of detail required, the review periods may be extended. Finally, the review system for Peruvian environmental studies is inefficient due to the centralization of the review process in just two organizations: the DGAAM and the National Water Authority (ANA).
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento
Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Física y Meteorología
Keywords
Exploración minera
Citation
Date
2025
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