Remoción de compuestos farmacéuticos en aguas residuales domésticas mediante acople de laguna algal de alta tasa y electro oxidación
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Authors
Salas Camargo, Antonio Renán
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Abstract
El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficiencia en la remoción de compuestos farmacéuticos en aguas residuales domésticas mediante el acople de una laguna algal de alta tasa y un proceso de electro oxidación. Se realizó un monitoreo preliminar del agua residual domestica para evaluar la presencia de 22 compuestos farmacéuticos de los grupos terapéuticos de antiepilépticos, hipolipemiantes, antiinflamatorios (AAAA) y tranquilizantes encontrándose 14 de ellos. Se instaló un módulo piloto de tratamiento con el acople de una laguna algal de alta tasa y un proceso de electro oxidación, la laguna fue inoculada con la microalga Scenedesmus sp en fase de crecimiento exponencial. Se realizó un monitoreo de la densidad de biomasa en el sistema durante 2 temporadas (Julio 2023 y noviembre 2023) teniendo resultados promedio de 3.71E+6 cel/ml y 4.85E+6 cel/ml respectivamente. Además, se analizó la diversidad de algas en ambas temporadas encontrando cambios con respecto al inóculo inicial, con presencia de otras especies que pertenecen a la familia Scenedesmus spp y Chlorellaceae. Una vez estable, el sistema de laguna algal de alta tasa funcionó de forma continua con un tiempo de retención hidráulico de 3 días. El sistema de electro oxidación funcionó con electrodos de BDD (Diamante Dopado con Boro), una fuente de poder con una densidad de corriente de 1,5 A y un tiempo de retención hidráulico de 1 hora. Con el sistema en funcionamiento continuo, se procedió a analizar la remoción de compuestos farmacéuticos, considerándose los 22 compuestos farmacéuticos iniciales y las 2 temporadas de monitoreo. En forma paralela se realizó un monitoreo de parámetros fisicoquímicos (Carbono Orgánico Total, Demanda Química de Oxígeno, Fe, pH, Conductividad y ORP) encontrándose eficiencias de remoción favorables para COT y DQO. El mayor porcentaje de remoción para compuestos farmacéuticos ocurrió con el paracetamol en la primera temporada, alcanzando hasta un 99% de eficiencia, siendo en general el grupo de los antiinflamatorios analgésicos los que alcanzaron mayores eficiencias de remoción, seguido por los Hipolipemiantes. El ácido fenofibrico alcanzó la mayor eficiencia de remoción con un 86%, con respecto a los antiepilépticos se dieron 2 casos especiales donde el compuesto tenía mayor concentración a la salida del sistema, el primero con la 10,11-Dihidro-10,11-dihidroxi carbamazepina, metabolito de la carbamazepina y el segundo la Lamotrigina, cuya capacidad de transformación inversa puede ocurrir en sistemas biológicos. Por último, dentro de los tranquilizantes solo se encontró la Pentoxifilina que alcanzó un 23% de remoción.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency in the degradation of pharmaceutical compounds in domestic wastewater by coupling a high-rate algal lagoon and an electro oxidation process. A preliminary monitoring of domestic wastewater was carried out to evaluate the presence of 22 pharmaceutical compounds from the therapeutic groups of antiepileptics, lipid-lowering agents, anti-inflammatories and tranquilizers, finding 14 of them. A pilot treatment module was installed with the coupling of a high-rate algal lagoon and an electro-oxidation process. The lagoon was inoculated with the microalgae Scenedesmus sp in the exponential growth phase. Biomass density monitoring was carried out in the system during 2 seasons (July 2023 and November 2023) with average results of 3.71E+6 cel/ml and 4.85E+6 cel/ml respectively. In addition, the diversity of algae was analyzed in both seasons, finding changes with respect to the initial inoculum, with the presence of other species that belong to the Scenedesmus spp and Chlorellaceae families. Once stable, the high-rate algal lagoon system operated continuously with a hydraulic retention time of 3 days. The electro-oxidation system worked with BDD (Boron Doped Diamond) electrodes, a power source with a current density of 1.5 A and a hydraulic retention time of 1 hour. With the system in continuous operation, the removal of pharmaceutical compounds was analyzed, considering the 22 initial pharmaceutical compounds and the 2 monitoring seasons. In parallel, physical-chemical parameters were monitored (Total Organic Carbon, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Fe, pH, Conductivity and ORP), finding favorable removal efficiencies for TOC and COD. The highest percentage of removal for pharmaceutical compounds occurred with paracetamol in the first season, reaching up to 99% efficiency, with the group of anti-inflammatory analgesics generally being the ones that achieved the highest removal efficiencies, followed by lipid lowering agents. Fenofibric acid achieved the highest removal efficiency with 86%, with respect to antiepileptics, there were 2 special cases with negative efficiencies, the first with 10,11-Dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy carbamazepine, a metabolite of carbamazepine, and the second is Lamotrigine, whose reverse transformation capacity can occur in biological systems. Finally, among the tranquilizers, only Pentoxifylline was found, which achieved 23% removal.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency in the degradation of pharmaceutical compounds in domestic wastewater by coupling a high-rate algal lagoon and an electro oxidation process. A preliminary monitoring of domestic wastewater was carried out to evaluate the presence of 22 pharmaceutical compounds from the therapeutic groups of antiepileptics, lipid-lowering agents, anti-inflammatories and tranquilizers, finding 14 of them. A pilot treatment module was installed with the coupling of a high-rate algal lagoon and an electro-oxidation process. The lagoon was inoculated with the microalgae Scenedesmus sp in the exponential growth phase. Biomass density monitoring was carried out in the system during 2 seasons (July 2023 and November 2023) with average results of 3.71E+6 cel/ml and 4.85E+6 cel/ml respectively. In addition, the diversity of algae was analyzed in both seasons, finding changes with respect to the initial inoculum, with the presence of other species that belong to the Scenedesmus spp and Chlorellaceae families. Once stable, the high-rate algal lagoon system operated continuously with a hydraulic retention time of 3 days. The electro-oxidation system worked with BDD (Boron Doped Diamond) electrodes, a power source with a current density of 1.5 A and a hydraulic retention time of 1 hour. With the system in continuous operation, the removal of pharmaceutical compounds was analyzed, considering the 22 initial pharmaceutical compounds and the 2 monitoring seasons. In parallel, physical-chemical parameters were monitored (Total Organic Carbon, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Fe, pH, Conductivity and ORP), finding favorable removal efficiencies for TOC and COD. The highest percentage of removal for pharmaceutical compounds occurred with paracetamol in the first season, reaching up to 99% efficiency, with the group of anti-inflammatory analgesics generally being the ones that achieved the highest removal efficiencies, followed by lipid lowering agents. Fenofibric acid achieved the highest removal efficiency with 86%, with respect to antiepileptics, there were 2 special cases with negative efficiencies, the first with 10,11-Dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy carbamazepine, a metabolite of carbamazepine, and the second is Lamotrigine, whose reverse transformation capacity can occur in biological systems. Finally, among the tranquilizers, only Pentoxifylline was found, which achieved 23% removal.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Ciencias Ambientales
Keywords
Residuales
Citation
Date
2025
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess