Etnobotánica de las plantas medicinales expendidas en mercados de abastos del distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima
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Authors
Gutierrez Sotelo, Joaquín Antonio
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Abstract
El presente estudio se realizó con la finalidad de contribuir al conocimiento etnobotánico de las plantas medicinales comercializadas actualmente en Lima, tomando como zona de estudio el distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho, considerando su alta demografía (INEI, 2018), así como su alta cantidad de mercados de abastos en la capital (INEI, 2017). Durante el mes de marzo del 2020, en un periodo total de 21 días, se realizaron cuatro visitas a los mercados con el objetivo de registrar datos etnobotánicos acerca de las plantas frescas comercializadas. La información se obtuvo mediante interacciones con vendedores y consumidores locales, y se centró en aspectos tales como los nombres comunes, usos atribuidos, partes de la planta consumidas y modos de preparación. En total se visitaron 22 mercados de abastos donde se registraron un total de 83 plantas medicinales frescas, entre las cuales se identificaron 64 especies correspondientes a 62 géneros y 31 familias. La familia Asteraceae (18.0%) fue la más abundante, seguida de Lamiaceae (10.0%) y Fabaceae (5.0%). A nivel de departamentos, Huaraz (26), Tarma (22) y Huánuco (11) fueron los principales lugares de procedencia. El presente estudio encontró que el 30.1% de las plantas registradas usaron la parte aérea para uso medicinal. Entre los usos reportados para las plantas destacan i) el tratamiento de enfermedades o dolencias relacionadas al sistema digestivo (35.9%), ii) el tratamiento de afecciones relacionadas al sistema nervioso (17.2%) y, iii) dolencias relacionadas al sistema respiratorio (17.2%). Asimismo, el estudio concluye que la infusión fue el modo de preparación más frecuente (75.0%), seguida por la decocción (9.0%). En cuanto al grado de amenaza, sólo el 9.0% de las especies registradas fueron clasificadas como especies amenazadas para el Perú, mientras que para la UICN el 21% se clasifican como preocupación menor y cerca del 2% tienen datos insuficientes.
This study was conducted with the aim of contributing to the ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants currently commercialized in Lima. The district of San Juan de Lurigancho was chosen as the study area due to its high population density (INEI, 2018) and large number of markets in the capital city (INEI, 2017). During March 2020, over a total period of 21 days, four visits were made to local markets to collect ethnobotanical data on fresh medicinal plants being sold. Information was gathered through interactions with vendors and local consumers, focusing on aspects such as common names, attributed uses, plant parts consumed, and preparation methods. A total of 22 markets were visited, and 83 fresh medicinal plant species were recorded. Among these, 64 species belonging to 62 genera and 31 families were identified. The family Asteraceae (18.0%) was the most abundant, followed by Lamiaceae (10.0%) and Fabaceae (5.0%). At the regional level, Huaraz (26), Tarma (22), and Huánuco (11) were identified as the main points of origin for these plants. This study found that 30.1% of the recorded plants utilized aerial parts for medicinal purposes. The primary reported uses of these plants were: i) treatment of digestive system-related diseases or conditions (35.9%), ii) treatment of nervous system-related conditions (17.2%), and iii) treatment of respiratory system-related ailments (17.2%). Infusion was the most frequently reported preparation method (75.0%), followed by decoction (9.0%). In terms of conservation status, only 9.0% of the recorded species were classified as threatened in Peru. According to the IUCN, 21% of these species are listed as of least concern, while approximately 2% are categorized as data deficient.
This study was conducted with the aim of contributing to the ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants currently commercialized in Lima. The district of San Juan de Lurigancho was chosen as the study area due to its high population density (INEI, 2018) and large number of markets in the capital city (INEI, 2017). During March 2020, over a total period of 21 days, four visits were made to local markets to collect ethnobotanical data on fresh medicinal plants being sold. Information was gathered through interactions with vendors and local consumers, focusing on aspects such as common names, attributed uses, plant parts consumed, and preparation methods. A total of 22 markets were visited, and 83 fresh medicinal plant species were recorded. Among these, 64 species belonging to 62 genera and 31 families were identified. The family Asteraceae (18.0%) was the most abundant, followed by Lamiaceae (10.0%) and Fabaceae (5.0%). At the regional level, Huaraz (26), Tarma (22), and Huánuco (11) were identified as the main points of origin for these plants. This study found that 30.1% of the recorded plants utilized aerial parts for medicinal purposes. The primary reported uses of these plants were: i) treatment of digestive system-related diseases or conditions (35.9%), ii) treatment of nervous system-related conditions (17.2%), and iii) treatment of respiratory system-related ailments (17.2%). Infusion was the most frequently reported preparation method (75.0%), followed by decoction (9.0%). In terms of conservation status, only 9.0% of the recorded species were classified as threatened in Peru. According to the IUCN, 21% of these species are listed as of least concern, while approximately 2% are categorized as data deficient.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales.
Departamento Académico de Manejo Forestal
Keywords
Etnobotánica
Citation
Date
2025
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