Caracterización morfológica, molecular y capacidad simbiótica con sus rizobios nativos de pallar (Phaseolus lunatus L.) en la costa del Perú
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Authors
Espinoza Melgar, Luz Marina
Abstract
El pallar (Phaseolus lunatus L.) es una leguminosa de grano, nativa de la región andina, cuya utilidad reside en el contenido de proteína en su semilla (entre 20 y 22 por ciento). Las bacterias conocidas como rizobios viven en simbiosis con el pallar formando nódulos en los cuales fijan nitrógeno atmosférico. Tiene gran importancia para la región Ica, por el área que ocupa, su gran adaptabilidad a las condiciones edafo climáticas y la producción de granos con particulares características culinarias, contando por ello, con denominación de origen; pero su diversidad no ha sido suficientemente analizada. Con el objetivo de determinar la diversidad genética del pallar y de sus simbiontes nativos, se realizó la caracterización morfológica y molecular de 30 genotipos de pallar de cinco provincias de la costa del Perú, y se determinaron los probables géneros más frecuentes de las bacterias simbióticas nativas por el tiempo de crecimiento y análisis bioquímico. El análisis de componentes principales muestra que los cinco primeros explican el 86.5 por ciento de la variación total, de los cuales el CP1 con 36.7 por ciento de la variación estuvo definido por las variables peso de 100 granos, ancho, largo y espesor de grano, días a madurez de la vaina y días al 50 por ciento de floración. A un coeficiente de distancia genética de 0.5, los genotipos de pallar conformaron cuatro grupos definidos; mostrando una importante diversidad expresada en el patrón de crecimiento, días a la floración y madurez de vainas, forma y tamaño de semilla. Se encontraron 141 loci polimórficos, variando de 10 a 30 fragmentos, el contenido de índice de polimorfismo (PIC) varía de 0.18 a 38. Se aislaron 235 cepas de rizobios, de las cuales el 6.81 por ciento fueron de crecimiento muy rápido, no identificadas; 32.34 por ciento de crecimiento rápido, probablemente Rhizobium; 57.87 por ciento de crecimiento lento, probablemente Bradyrhizobium y 2.98 por ciento de crecimiento extra lento, no identificadas. Se concluye que hay una importante diversidad morfológica en el pallar, aunque la variabilidad molecular de la población es baja; asimismo, en los nódulos simbióticos analizados, las bacterias del género Bradyrhizobium fueron más frecuentes.
Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is a grain legume, native to the Andean region, whose usefulness lies in the protein content in its seed (between 20 and 22 percent). Bacteria known as rhizobia live in symbiosis with the lima bean, forming nodules in which they fix atmospheric nitrogen. It is of great importance for the Ica region, due to the area it occupies, its great adaptability to edaphoclimatic conditions and the production of grains with particular culinary characteristics, counting for this reason, with apellation of origin; but its diversity has not been sufficiently analyzed. In order to determine the genetic diversity of the lima bean and its native symbionts, the morphological and molecular characterization of 30 lima bean genotypes from five provinces of the coast of Peru was carried out, and the probable most frequent genera of native symbiotic bacteria were determined by growth time and biochemical analysis. The principal component analysis shows that the first five explain 86.5 percent of the total variation, of which PC1 with 36.7 percent of the variation was defined by the variables weight of 100 grains, width, length, and grain thickness, days to pod maturity and days to 50 percent flowering. At a genetic distance coefficient of 0.5, the lima bean genotypes formed four defined groups; showing an important diversity expressed in the pattern of growth, days to flowering and maturity of pods, shape and size of seed. 141 polymorphic loci were found, ranging from 10 to 30 fragments, the polymorphism index content (PIC) varies from 0.18 to 38. 235 rhizobia strains were isolated, of which 6.81 percent were very fast growing, unidentified; 32.34 percent fast-growing, probably Rhizobium; 57.87 percent slow growing, probably Bradyrhizobium and 2.98 percent extra slow growing, unidentified. It is concluded that there is an important morphological diversity in the lima bean, although the molecular variability of the population is low; in the symbiotic nodules analyzed, the bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium were more frequent.
Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is a grain legume, native to the Andean region, whose usefulness lies in the protein content in its seed (between 20 and 22 percent). Bacteria known as rhizobia live in symbiosis with the lima bean, forming nodules in which they fix atmospheric nitrogen. It is of great importance for the Ica region, due to the area it occupies, its great adaptability to edaphoclimatic conditions and the production of grains with particular culinary characteristics, counting for this reason, with apellation of origin; but its diversity has not been sufficiently analyzed. In order to determine the genetic diversity of the lima bean and its native symbionts, the morphological and molecular characterization of 30 lima bean genotypes from five provinces of the coast of Peru was carried out, and the probable most frequent genera of native symbiotic bacteria were determined by growth time and biochemical analysis. The principal component analysis shows that the first five explain 86.5 percent of the total variation, of which PC1 with 36.7 percent of the variation was defined by the variables weight of 100 grains, width, length, and grain thickness, days to pod maturity and days to 50 percent flowering. At a genetic distance coefficient of 0.5, the lima bean genotypes formed four defined groups; showing an important diversity expressed in the pattern of growth, days to flowering and maturity of pods, shape and size of seed. 141 polymorphic loci were found, ranging from 10 to 30 fragments, the polymorphism index content (PIC) varies from 0.18 to 38. 235 rhizobia strains were isolated, of which 6.81 percent were very fast growing, unidentified; 32.34 percent fast-growing, probably Rhizobium; 57.87 percent slow growing, probably Bradyrhizobium and 2.98 percent extra slow growing, unidentified. It is concluded that there is an important morphological diversity in the lima bean, although the molecular variability of the population is low; in the symbiotic nodules analyzed, the bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium were more frequent.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Agricultura Sustentable
Keywords
Phaseolus lunatus
Citation
Date
2023
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