Modelamiento hidrológico de la Intercuenca Alto Apurímac utilizando el modelo SWAT+, Perú
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Authors
Tapia Nicodemus, Alexander
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Abstract
El presente estudio se enfoca en estimar la oferta hídrica en la Intercuenca Alto Apurímac mediante el uso de un modelo hidrológico semidistribuido SWAT+. Primero se acondicionó una base de datos georreferenciada de suelos, cobertura y clima para su integración al modelo hidrológico, segundo se calibró y validó el modelo hidrológico con información observada de caudales y tercero se simuló la oferta hídrica en condiciones actuales y futuras de la Intercuenca Alto Apurímac (IAA). Para las condiciones futuras se empleó información climática proveniente de dos modelos climáticos globales (MPI-ESM1-2-HR, MRI-ESM2 0) del CMIP6 para el escenario SSP585 con reducción de escala estadística de 10 Km. El área de estudio de la IAA comprende 24,689.30 km2, distribuidos en 23 subcuencas, un total de 1,184 HRUs, con rangos altitudinales que varían entre los 1,841 m.s.n.m. a 6,277 m.s.n.m. y 7 rangos de pendientes según al reglamento de clasificación de tierras por su capacidad de uso mayor. Se determinó ocho (08) unidades cartográficas de suelos y siete (07) unidades cartográficas de cobertura y uso de la tierra. Los resultados muestran un desempeño bueno y satisfactorio en la etapa de calibración y validación del modelo hidrológico SWAT+ respectivamente. Para la calibración se tuvo un índice de NSE = 0.72, PBIAS = 12.85%, r = 0.87, R2 = 0.76, RSR = 0.53, RMSE = 60.07. Para la validación se tuvo un índice de NSE =0.67, PBIAS = 13.00%, r = 0.83, R2 = 0.69, RSR = 0.58, RMSE = 149.37. El balance hídrico de la IAA en condiciones actuales periodo 2001-2025 estimó una disponibilidad hídrica de 3,750.3 MMC/año y en condiciones futuras periodo 2026 al 2100 proyecta una disponibilidad hídrica de 3,878.8 MMC/año. Bajo el escenario futuro de operación y derivación del 5% del volumen hídrico de la Presa Angostura a Cusco periodo 2031 al 2100 se estima una disponibilidad hídrica de 3,124.0 MMC/año presentando escases de agua en época seca, durante los meses de agosto, setiembre y octubre. La información generada en este estudio será de gran utilidad para comprender mejor la disponibilidad de los recursos hídricos en el presente y futuro en la IAA y a partir de ello realizar una adecuada planificación y aprovechamiento de los recursos hídricos por parte de los tomadores de decisiones y población en general.
This study focuses on estimating the water supply in the Upper Apurímac Interbasin using a semi-distributed SWAT+ hydrological model. First, a georeferenced database of soils, land cover, and climate was prepared for integration into the hydrological model; second, the hydrological model was calibrated and validated with observed flow data; and third, the water supply was simulated under current and future conditions in the Upper Apurímac Interbasin (IAA). For future conditions, climate information from two CMIP6 global climate models (MPI-ESM1-2-HR, MRI-ESM2-0) was used for the SSP585 scenario with a statistical scaling down to 10 km. The IAA study area comprises 24,689.30 km², distributed across 23 sub-basins, a total of 1,184 HRUs, with altitudinal ranges from 1,841 m a.s.l. to 6,277 m a.s.l. and 7 slope ranges according to the land classification regulations based on their major use capability. Eight (8) soil mapping units and seven (7) land cover and land use mapping units were determined. The results show good and satisfactory performance in the calibration and validation stages of the SWAT+ hydrological model, respectively. For calibration, the following values were obtained: NSE index = 0.72, PBIAS = 12.85%, r = 0.87, R² = 0.76, RSR = 0.53, RMSE = 60.07. For validation, the following values were obtained: NSE index = 0.67, PBIAS = 13.00%, r = 0.83, R² = 0.69, RSR = 0.58, RMSE = 149.37. The IAA water balance under current conditions (2001-2025) estimated a water availability of 3,750.3 MMC/year, and under future conditions (2026-2100) it projects a water availability of 3,878.8 MMC/year. Under the future scenario of operation and diversion of 5% of the water volume from the Angostura Dam to Cusco from 2031 to 2100, a water availability of 3,124.0 million cubic meters (MMC) per year is estimated, with water scarcity expected during the dry season in August, September, and October. The information generated in this study will be very useful for better understanding the current and future availability of water resources in the IAA (Integrated Water Administration) and, based on this understanding, for appropriate planning and use of water resources by decision-makers and the general population.
This study focuses on estimating the water supply in the Upper Apurímac Interbasin using a semi-distributed SWAT+ hydrological model. First, a georeferenced database of soils, land cover, and climate was prepared for integration into the hydrological model; second, the hydrological model was calibrated and validated with observed flow data; and third, the water supply was simulated under current and future conditions in the Upper Apurímac Interbasin (IAA). For future conditions, climate information from two CMIP6 global climate models (MPI-ESM1-2-HR, MRI-ESM2-0) was used for the SSP585 scenario with a statistical scaling down to 10 km. The IAA study area comprises 24,689.30 km², distributed across 23 sub-basins, a total of 1,184 HRUs, with altitudinal ranges from 1,841 m a.s.l. to 6,277 m a.s.l. and 7 slope ranges according to the land classification regulations based on their major use capability. Eight (8) soil mapping units and seven (7) land cover and land use mapping units were determined. The results show good and satisfactory performance in the calibration and validation stages of the SWAT+ hydrological model, respectively. For calibration, the following values were obtained: NSE index = 0.72, PBIAS = 12.85%, r = 0.87, R² = 0.76, RSR = 0.53, RMSE = 60.07. For validation, the following values were obtained: NSE index = 0.67, PBIAS = 13.00%, r = 0.83, R² = 0.69, RSR = 0.58, RMSE = 149.37. The IAA water balance under current conditions (2001-2025) estimated a water availability of 3,750.3 MMC/year, and under future conditions (2026-2100) it projects a water availability of 3,878.8 MMC/year. Under the future scenario of operation and diversion of 5% of the water volume from the Angostura Dam to Cusco from 2031 to 2100, a water availability of 3,124.0 million cubic meters (MMC) per year is estimated, with water scarcity expected during the dry season in August, September, and October. The information generated in this study will be very useful for better understanding the current and future availability of water resources in the IAA (Integrated Water Administration) and, based on this understanding, for appropriate planning and use of water resources by decision-makers and the general population.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en
Gestión Integral de Cuencas Hidrográficas
Keywords
Alto Apurímac
Citation
Date
2026
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

