Comportamiento de 42 híbridos simples de maíz amarillo duro en condiciones de La Molina
Loading...
Código QR
Authors
Saravia Castillo, Gabriela
Abstract
El desarrollo de híbridos de maíz amarillo duro se ha masificado durante los últimos años. Lo que se busca en las variedades modernas es que se adapten a las condiciones y necesidades actuales, como ser tolerantes a factores abióticos y resistentes a estreses bióticos, pero, sobre todo, que sean altamente rendidores. Por ello, este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar híbridos simples de maíz amarillo duro promisorios en cuanto al rendimiento de grano y que presenten plantas más bajas que las del testigo, para lo cual se evaluaron 42 híbridos simples experimentales y tres testigos comerciales DK-7088, PM-213 y EXP-05. La siembra se realizó en invierno (julio), en el área experimental de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, ubicado en La Molina, y se cosechó en verano (enero). Por otra parte, se evaluaron variables como rendimiento de grano (t/ha), índice de desgrane (%), humedad de grano a la cosecha (%), longitud y diámetro de mazorca (cm), hileras por mazorca, granos por hilera, peso de 500 granos (g), floración masculina y femenina (días), altura de planta (m), diámetro de tallo (cm), altura de mazorca (m), mazorcas por planta, hojas sobre mazorca y total de hojas por planta. Es así que, 10 híbridos rindieron más que los testigos, de ellos, los híbridos simples 10-OHG x DK-125 y 16-HH x 10-OHG rindieron 19.03 y 18.05 t/ha, y sus plantas tuvieron una altura de 2.60 y 2.75 m respectivamente. Mientras que, los testigos DK-7088, PM-213 y EXP-5 lograron producir 15.20, 14.88 y 14.85 t/ha y con plantas de 2.18, 2.40 y 2.55 m, respectivamente. Así mismo, los híbridos que desarrollaron plantas más bajas y que no superaron los 2 m de altura, presentaron rendimientos menores a las 10 t/ha.
The development of hard yellow maize hybrids has become widespread during the last years. What is sought in modern varieties is that they adapt to current conditions and needs, such as being tolerant to abiotic factors, and resistant to biotic stresses, but, above all, that they are highly yielding. Therefore, this work aims to identify simple hybrids of hard yellow maize promising in terms of grain yield and that have lower plants than those of the control, for which 42 simple experimental hybrids and three commercial controls, DK- 7088, PM 213 y EXP-05, were evaluated. The sowing was carried out in winter (July), in the experimental area of National Agrarian University, located in La Molina, and it was harvested in summer (January). On the other hand, variables such as grain yield (t/ha), shelling index (%), grain moisture at harvest (%), ear length and diameter (cm), rows per ear, grains per row, weight of 500 seeds (g), male and female flowering (days), plant height (m), stem diameter (cm), ear height (m), stem diameter (cm), ear per plant, leaves on ear and total leaves per plant, were evaluated. Thus, 10 hybrids yielded more than the controls, of them, the simple hybrids 10-OHG x DK-125 and 16-HH x 10-OHG yielded 19.03 and 18.05 t/ha, and their plants had a height of 2.60 m and 2.75 m, respectively. While, the controls DK-7088, PM-213 and EXP-05 managed to produce 15.20, 14.88 and 14.85 t/ha and 2.18, 2.40 and 2.55 m plant height, respectively. Likewise, the hybrids that developed shorter plants and that did not exceed 2 m in height, presented yields lowers than 10 t/ha.
The development of hard yellow maize hybrids has become widespread during the last years. What is sought in modern varieties is that they adapt to current conditions and needs, such as being tolerant to abiotic factors, and resistant to biotic stresses, but, above all, that they are highly yielding. Therefore, this work aims to identify simple hybrids of hard yellow maize promising in terms of grain yield and that have lower plants than those of the control, for which 42 simple experimental hybrids and three commercial controls, DK- 7088, PM 213 y EXP-05, were evaluated. The sowing was carried out in winter (July), in the experimental area of National Agrarian University, located in La Molina, and it was harvested in summer (January). On the other hand, variables such as grain yield (t/ha), shelling index (%), grain moisture at harvest (%), ear length and diameter (cm), rows per ear, grains per row, weight of 500 seeds (g), male and female flowering (days), plant height (m), stem diameter (cm), ear height (m), stem diameter (cm), ear per plant, leaves on ear and total leaves per plant, were evaluated. Thus, 10 hybrids yielded more than the controls, of them, the simple hybrids 10-OHG x DK-125 and 16-HH x 10-OHG yielded 19.03 and 18.05 t/ha, and their plants had a height of 2.60 m and 2.75 m, respectively. While, the controls DK-7088, PM-213 and EXP-05 managed to produce 15.20, 14.88 and 14.85 t/ha and 2.18, 2.40 and 2.55 m plant height, respectively. Likewise, the hybrids that developed shorter plants and that did not exceed 2 m in height, presented yields lowers than 10 t/ha.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento Académico de Fitotecnia
Keywords
Maíz amarillo duro
Citation
Date
2024
Collections
Seleccionar año de consulta:
Licencia de uso
Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess