Automatización del sistema de riego por goteo para el cultivo de limón, fundo Trapani, Olmos
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Autores
Moyano Zegarra, Blanca Noemi
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Resumen
El objetivo del trabajo fue desarrollar el diseño agronómico, hidráulico y la automatización de un sistema de riego que permita un uso eficiente del agua y la energía para el cultivo de Limón del fundo Trapani, que se ubica en el distrito de Olmos, Chiclayo. En la planificación del proyecto se obtuvo la información básica, se realizó el balance hídrico y el diseño agronómico. En el diseño hidráulico se obtuvo el coeficiente de uniformidad fue de 96 % y la percolación profunda de 5 %, bajo esta situación se presenta una eficiencia de riego esperada de 91 %. Considerando la calidad del agua de riego y la sensibilidad del cultivo de limón a las sales, el requerimiento de lavado es 50.7%, y se obtiene la eficiencia de riego del 49 %, en ambas situaciones el diseño hidráulico tiene un coeficiente de uniformidad alto. Se calcularon diámetros de la tubería matriz, presión y caudal de las subunidades de riego y de los turnos de riego. Además, se seleccionaron el cabezal de control, las bombas y motores. La eficiencia energética fue de 76.6 %, con motores a velocidad constante, la eficiencia de bomba fue de 81.5% y del motor de 94 %. La eficiencia energética fue de 75 %, con motores a velocidad variable, considerando la eficiencia del variador de frecuencia de 98%. Se automatizaron los siguientes componentes del proyecto: a) control del nivel de máxima y mínima de la poza de transición, abastecida por 5 pozos tubulares que garantizan el caudal de bombeo para cuatro módulos de riegos de un área total de 312 ha de cultivo de limón. b) encendido / apagado de cuatro electrobombas de los módulos de riego de 78 ha cada uno c) Apertura y cierre de válvulas de las subunidades de riego de cada turno de riego, mediante unidades remotas de control vía radio frecuencia d) monitoreo del caudal de los cabezales mediante sensores e) mesas de fertilización para la aplicación de fertilizantes y monitoreo de la conductividad eléctrica y pH del agua. La automatización del sistema de riego nos permitirá mejorar la gestión del recurso hídrico y energético.
The objective of this work was to develop the agronomic design, hydraulic design, and automation of an irrigation system to enable efficient use of water and energy for the cultivation of lemons at the Trapani farm, located in the district of Olmos, Chiclayo. During the project planning, basic information was gathered, a water balance was conducted, and the agronomic design was developed. In the hydraulic design, a uniformity coefficient of 96% and a deep percolation rate of 5% were achieved, resulting in an expected irrigation efficiency of 91%. Considering the quality of the irrigation water and the lemon crop's sensitivity to salts, the leaching requirement was 50.7%, resulting in an irrigation efficiency of 49%. In both scenarios, the hydraulic design maintained a high uniformity coefficient. The diameters of the main pipes, pressure, and flow rates of the irrigation subunits and irrigation schedules were calculated. Additionally, the control head, pumps, and motors were selected. The energy efficiency was 76.6% with constant-speed motors, with a pump efficiency of 81.5% and a motor efficiency of 94%. When using variable-speed motors, the energy efficiency was 75%, considering the frequency variator's efficiency of 98%. The following components of the project were automated: a) Monitoring the maximum and minimum levels of the transition reservoir, supplied by five tubular wells that ensure the pumping flow for four irrigation modules covering a total area of 312 hectares of lemon cultivation. b) Turning on/off four electric pumps for the 78-hectare irrigation modules. c) Opening and closing valves of the irrigation subunits for each irrigation schedule using remote control units via radio frequency. d) Monitoring the flow rates of the control heads through sensors. e) Fertilization tables for the application of fertilizers and monitoring the electrical conductivity and pH of the water. The automation of the irrigation system will improve the management of water and energy resources.
The objective of this work was to develop the agronomic design, hydraulic design, and automation of an irrigation system to enable efficient use of water and energy for the cultivation of lemons at the Trapani farm, located in the district of Olmos, Chiclayo. During the project planning, basic information was gathered, a water balance was conducted, and the agronomic design was developed. In the hydraulic design, a uniformity coefficient of 96% and a deep percolation rate of 5% were achieved, resulting in an expected irrigation efficiency of 91%. Considering the quality of the irrigation water and the lemon crop's sensitivity to salts, the leaching requirement was 50.7%, resulting in an irrigation efficiency of 49%. In both scenarios, the hydraulic design maintained a high uniformity coefficient. The diameters of the main pipes, pressure, and flow rates of the irrigation subunits and irrigation schedules were calculated. Additionally, the control head, pumps, and motors were selected. The energy efficiency was 76.6% with constant-speed motors, with a pump efficiency of 81.5% and a motor efficiency of 94%. When using variable-speed motors, the energy efficiency was 75%, considering the frequency variator's efficiency of 98%. The following components of the project were automated: a) Monitoring the maximum and minimum levels of the transition reservoir, supplied by five tubular wells that ensure the pumping flow for four irrigation modules covering a total area of 312 hectares of lemon cultivation. b) Turning on/off four electric pumps for the 78-hectare irrigation modules. c) Opening and closing valves of the irrigation subunits for each irrigation schedule using remote control units via radio frequency. d) Monitoring the flow rates of the control heads through sensors. e) Fertilization tables for the application of fertilizers and monitoring the electrical conductivity and pH of the water. The automation of the irrigation system will improve the management of water and energy resources.
Descripción
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en
Recursos Hídricos
Palabras clave
Eficiencia de riego
Citación
Fecha
2025
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