Caracterización del sistema de producción caprina en el bosque seco de Pomahuaca, Cajamarca
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Authors
Mendriel Estela, Jazmin Nicol
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Abstract
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los componentes del sistema y tipificar las familias productoras de caprinos en el bosque seco de Pomahuaca en Cajamarca, Perú. Se encuestaron 61 familias productoras mediante un cuestionario estructurado que abordó aspectos socioeconómicos y productivos. Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva y análisis multivariado. La crianza caprina en la zona se desarrolla principalmente como una actividad complementaria a la agricultura, bajo un sistema tradicional, extensivo y de baja tecnificación. El 53.23 por ciento de las familias presentan un tamaño mediano (4 a 6 miembros) de los que el 43.33 por ciento tenía estudios secundarios. En el aspecto productivo, el tamaño promedio del rebaño fue de 40.61 caprinos, con un rango de 6 a 212 animales. Solo el 14.5 por ciento de los productores realiza la separación por etapa productiva, mientras el 77.05 por ciento suplementa la alimentación con sal común o mineralizada. Además, el 93.4 por ciento de los productores destina hasta dos horas diarias al pastoreo. Entre las principales limitantes del sistema se identificaron la baja tecnificación, la falta de asistencia técnica, la ausencia de registros productivos y reproductivos, y el limitado nivel educativo (solo el 5.71 por ciento cuenta con estudios superiores), lo cual restringe la posibilidad de mejora genética y la eficiencia del sistema. El análisis multivariado permitió identificar cuatro grupos tipológicos: (1) Productores jóvenes diversificados, con rebaños más grandes y orientación comercial; (2) Productores técnicos retornantes, con mayor nivel educativo y aplican prácticas de manejo; (3) Productoras agrícolas cooperativas, con liderazgo femenino y tendencia hacia la asociatividad; y (4) Productores familiares autosuficientes, dedicados principalmente a la agricultura y la ganadería es orienta al autoconsumo. La información obtenida constituye una línea base valiosa para futuras investigaciones y para el diseño de estrategias que promuevan la sostenibilidad y el desarrollo de la producción caprina en ecosistemas similares.
This study aimed to identify the components of the production system and to typify goat producing families in the dry forest of Pomahuaca, Cajamarca, Peru. A total of 61 farming families were surveyed using a structured questionnaire that addressed socioeconomic and productive aspects. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. Goat husbandry in the area in carried out mainly as a complementary activity to agriculture, within a traditional, extensive, and low technology system. Approximately 53.23 percent of the families have a médium size (4 to 6 members), and 43.33 percent had completed secondary education. In productive terms, the average herd size was 40.61 goats, ranging from 6 to 212 animals. Only 14.5 percent of producers perform herd segregation by production stage, while 77.05 percent supplement feeding with common or mineralized salt. Moreover, 93.4 percent of the producers dedícate up to two hours per day to grazing activities. The main constraints of the system include low levels of technification, lack of technical assistance, absence of productivite records, and limited educational attainment (only 5.71 percent had higher education), wich restrict genetic improvement and production efficiency. The multivariate análisis identified four typological groups: (1) Young diversified producers, managing larger herds with a commercial orientation; (2) Technical returning producers, with higher education and application of management practices; (3) Cooperative agricultural women producers, characterized by female leadership and a tendency toward associativity; and (4) Self-sufficient family producers, mainly engaged in agriculture, with livestock production oriented toward self-consumption. The information generated provides a valuable baseline for future research and supports the design of strategies to promote sustainability and development of goat production systems in similar dry-forest ecosystems.
This study aimed to identify the components of the production system and to typify goat producing families in the dry forest of Pomahuaca, Cajamarca, Peru. A total of 61 farming families were surveyed using a structured questionnaire that addressed socioeconomic and productive aspects. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. Goat husbandry in the area in carried out mainly as a complementary activity to agriculture, within a traditional, extensive, and low technology system. Approximately 53.23 percent of the families have a médium size (4 to 6 members), and 43.33 percent had completed secondary education. In productive terms, the average herd size was 40.61 goats, ranging from 6 to 212 animals. Only 14.5 percent of producers perform herd segregation by production stage, while 77.05 percent supplement feeding with common or mineralized salt. Moreover, 93.4 percent of the producers dedícate up to two hours per day to grazing activities. The main constraints of the system include low levels of technification, lack of technical assistance, absence of productivite records, and limited educational attainment (only 5.71 percent had higher education), wich restrict genetic improvement and production efficiency. The multivariate análisis identified four typological groups: (1) Young diversified producers, managing larger herds with a commercial orientation; (2) Technical returning producers, with higher education and application of management practices; (3) Cooperative agricultural women producers, characterized by female leadership and a tendency toward associativity; and (4) Self-sufficient family producers, mainly engaged in agriculture, with livestock production oriented toward self-consumption. The information generated provides a valuable baseline for future research and supports the design of strategies to promote sustainability and development of goat production systems in similar dry-forest ecosystems.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Zootecnia. Departamento
Académico de Producción Animal
Keywords
Sistema de producción caprina
Citation
Date
2026
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