Validación de la prueba de tetrazolio en semillas de Urochloa brizantha
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Authors
Armey Malpartida, Marina Claudia
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Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó con la finalidad de obtener el protocolo más adecuado para la prueba de viabilidad en semillas de Urochloa brizantha. También, determinar las características morfo-anatómicas y el proceso de germinación de las semillas.La metodología está dividida en tres etapas: primero, se analizaron 25 semillas para la descripción externa e interna; segundo, se evaluaron 400 semillas para la descripción del proceso de germinación; tercero, se utilizaron 2025 semillas para determinar el protocolo de viabilidad. En el ensayo de germinación las semillas se colocaron en una caja de plástico con papel filtro enrollado bajo dos ambientes controlados a temperatura de 25°C y alternas de 20-30 °C durante 21 días. En el ensayo de viabilidad se empleó un diseño factorial 3x3x3 con tres factores dispuesto en un DCA, el cual contó con 27 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones. Los factores se clasificaron por: tipos de humidificación (A1; A2; A3); formas de exposición del tejido (B1; B2; B3) y tiempo de inmersión en tetrazolio (C1; C2; C3/6,12 y 24 horas). En el análisis estadístico los factores principales (A, B, C) y la interacción (A/B * C) resultaron altamente significativos (p< 0. 05). La mejor condición para romper la dormancia de la semilla es la combinación de dos factores principales: tipo de corte longitudinal y tiempo de inmersión. Finalmente, se concluyó que la semilla es ovalada y plana, la proporción de tamaño entre endospermo/embrión es 2:1, y el embrión se encuentra en la parte basal. La semilla tiene una germinación hipogea y se inicia en promedio al tercer día. El nuevo protocolo de viabilidad requiere que las semillas pasen por un pre tratamiento, remojo en agua destilada por 24 horas, luego necesitan un corte longitudinal sin dañar al embrión y una inmersión en solución de tetrazolio al 1% durante 24 horas.
This research study was conducted to determine the most appropriate protocol for testing the viability of Urochloa brizantha seeds. It also aimed to determine the seeds’ morphoanatomical characteristics and germination process. The methodology is divided into three stages: first, 25 seeds were analyzed for external and internal description; second, 400 seeds were evaluated to describe the germination process; third, 2025 seeds were used to determine the viability protocol. In the germination test, the seeds were placed in a plastic box lined with rolled filter paper under two controlled environments at a temperature of 25°C and alternating temperatures of 20-30°C for 21 days. In the viability test, a 3x3x3 factorial design with three factors arranged in a DCA, comprising 27 treatments and 3 replicates. The factors were classified by: types of humidification (A1; A2; A3); tissue exposure methods (B1; B2; B3) and immersion time in tetrazolium (C1; C2; C3/6,12 and 24 hours). In the statistical analysis, the main factors (A, B, C) and the interaction (A/B * C) were highly significant (p < 0.05). The best condition for breaking seed dormancy is the combination of two main factors: type of longitudinal cut and immersion time. Finally, it was concluded that the seed is oval and flat, with an endosperm/embryo size ratio of 2:1, and the embryo located at the base. The seed has hypogeal germination and germination begins on average on the third day. The new viability protocol requires that the seeds undergo pretreatment, soaking in distilled water for 24 hours, then they need a longitudinal cut without damaging the embryo and immersion in a 1% tetrazolium solution for 24 hours.
This research study was conducted to determine the most appropriate protocol for testing the viability of Urochloa brizantha seeds. It also aimed to determine the seeds’ morphoanatomical characteristics and germination process. The methodology is divided into three stages: first, 25 seeds were analyzed for external and internal description; second, 400 seeds were evaluated to describe the germination process; third, 2025 seeds were used to determine the viability protocol. In the germination test, the seeds were placed in a plastic box lined with rolled filter paper under two controlled environments at a temperature of 25°C and alternating temperatures of 20-30°C for 21 days. In the viability test, a 3x3x3 factorial design with three factors arranged in a DCA, comprising 27 treatments and 3 replicates. The factors were classified by: types of humidification (A1; A2; A3); tissue exposure methods (B1; B2; B3) and immersion time in tetrazolium (C1; C2; C3/6,12 and 24 hours). In the statistical analysis, the main factors (A, B, C) and the interaction (A/B * C) were highly significant (p < 0.05). The best condition for breaking seed dormancy is the combination of two main factors: type of longitudinal cut and immersion time. Finally, it was concluded that the seed is oval and flat, with an endosperm/embryo size ratio of 2:1, and the embryo located at the base. The seed has hypogeal germination and germination begins on average on the third day. The new viability protocol requires that the seeds undergo pretreatment, soaking in distilled water for 24 hours, then they need a longitudinal cut without damaging the embryo and immersion in a 1% tetrazolium solution for 24 hours.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento
Académico de Fitotecnia
Keywords
Semillas Urochloa; Viabilidad; Calidad; Germinación; Dormición; Validación; Metabolismo
Citation
Date
2026
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