Comparación del desempeño ambiental de la potabilización de agua con tratamiento convencional y aplicando decantador de manto de lodos pulsante
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Authors
Vento Rivera, Raúl Alejandro
Abstract
Esta investigación evalúa los impactos ambientales de dos plantas de tratamiento de agua potable en Lima: la del río Chillón, tecnología convencional (CONV), y La Atarjea, manto de lodos pulsante (ML). El estudio se desarrolló en tres etapas: (1) Definición del alcance del estudio: Se estableció como unidad funcional 1 m³ de agua potabilizada y como sistema producto la fase de operación de cada planta de tratamiento. (2) Recolección de datos: En esta etapa se recopilaron datos sobre los insumos químicos y el consumo de energía de ambas plantas. Estos datos fueron sometidos a un proceso de validación y agregación, relacionando las entradas y salidas de cada proceso unitario con la unidad funcional. (3) Evaluación de impactos ambientales: Para la evaluación ambiental, se utilizó el software SimaPro 9.6, que contiene la base de datos Ecoinvent 3.10 y los factores de caracterización del método ReCiPe Midpoint 2016 (H). En esta última fase, se compararon las tecnologías de tratamiento de agua utilizadas en ambas plantas, tomando como referencia 18 categorías de impacto ambiental. Los resultados reflejaron diferencias significativas en seis categorías de impacto. La tecnología convencional registró mayores impactos en radiación ionizante (44%), eutrofización marina (36%) y ecotoxicidad marina (21%). Por su parte, la tecnología de decantación con manto de lodos presentó un mayor impacto en las categorías de toxicidad carcinogénica humana (34%), escasez de recursos minerales (50%) y consumo de agua (48%). Al analizar el conjunto de las 18 categorías de impacto evaluadas, se observó que la tecnología ML tiene mayores impactos en 13 de ellas, lo que representa el 72.2% del total de impactos ambientales considerados. Estos resultados nos muestran que la tecnología ML presenta un desempeño ambiental inferior en comparación con la tecnología CONV.
This research aims to comprehensively assess the environmental impacts generated by two water treatment plants in Lima: The Chillón River treatment plant and the La Atarjea treatment plant. The study was conducted in four stages: Definition of Objectives and Scope: The functional unit was established as 1 m³ of potable water, with the product system defined as the operational phase of each treatment plant. Data Collection: In this phase, data on chemical inputs and energy consumption were gathered for both plants. These data underwent validation and aggregation, linking inputs and outputs for each unit process to the functional unit. Environmental Impact Assessment: For the environmental evaluation, the SimaPro 9.6 software was used, which includes the Ecoinvent 3.10 database and the characterization factors of the ReCiPe Midpoint 2016 (H) method. Interpretation of Results: In this final phase, the treatment technologies used in both plants were compared, referencing 18 categories of environmental impact. Significant differences were found in six impact categories. The conventional technology exhibited higher impacts in ionizing radiation (44%), marine eutrophication (36%), and marine ecotoxicity (21%). In contrast, the sludge blanket technology showed higher impacts in human carcinogenic toxicity (34%), mineral resource scarcity (50%), and water consumption (48%). Overall, analysis of the 18 impact categories revealed that the ML technology had greater impacts in 13 of them, representing 72.2% of the total environmental impacts considered. These results indicate that the ML technology generally has an inferior environmental performance compared to the conventional (CONV) technology
This research aims to comprehensively assess the environmental impacts generated by two water treatment plants in Lima: The Chillón River treatment plant and the La Atarjea treatment plant. The study was conducted in four stages: Definition of Objectives and Scope: The functional unit was established as 1 m³ of potable water, with the product system defined as the operational phase of each treatment plant. Data Collection: In this phase, data on chemical inputs and energy consumption were gathered for both plants. These data underwent validation and aggregation, linking inputs and outputs for each unit process to the functional unit. Environmental Impact Assessment: For the environmental evaluation, the SimaPro 9.6 software was used, which includes the Ecoinvent 3.10 database and the characterization factors of the ReCiPe Midpoint 2016 (H) method. Interpretation of Results: In this final phase, the treatment technologies used in both plants were compared, referencing 18 categories of environmental impact. Significant differences were found in six impact categories. The conventional technology exhibited higher impacts in ionizing radiation (44%), marine eutrophication (36%), and marine ecotoxicity (21%). In contrast, the sludge blanket technology showed higher impacts in human carcinogenic toxicity (34%), mineral resource scarcity (50%), and water consumption (48%). Overall, analysis of the 18 impact categories revealed that the ML technology had greater impacts in 13 of them, representing 72.2% of the total environmental impacts considered. These results indicate that the ML technology generally has an inferior environmental performance compared to the conventional (CONV) technology
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento
Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Física y Meteorología
Keywords
Tecnología convencional
Citation
Date
2024
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess