Uso de isótopos como trazadores para identificar las principales fuentes de sedimento en una cuenca de montaña
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Authors
Díaz Llatas, Diana Violeta
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Abstract
La erosión acelerada de los suelos ya sea por causas naturales o antropogénicas, amenaza la salud del suelo y la sostenibilidad de los ecosistemas, afectando negativamente la agricultura y la economía. Este problema ha provocado la necesidad de saber cuánto sedimento se está perdiendo y cuál es su procedencia. Para abordar esta problemática en la cuenca Ronquillo, en marzo de 2016 se inició el monitoreo de caudales y sedimentos en suspensión en tres estaciones hidro-sedimentológicas: la subcuenca alta (Majadapampa, 2016-2017), media (Chamis, 2016-2018) y a la salida de la cuenca Ronquillo (2016-2018). Los resultados mostraron que durante el año hidrológico 2016-2017 se produjo una mayor producción de sedimentos (6.3 ± 1.5*10-3 t año-1 km2 en Majadapampa, 61 ± 4.8*10-3 t año-1 km2 en Chamis, 120 ± 2.9*10-2 t año-1 km2 en Ronquillo), comparado con el año 2017-2018 (45 ± 1.5*10-3 t año-1 km2 en Chamis, 91 ± 1.3*10-2 t año-1 km2 en Ronquillo). Para determinar la procedencia de sedimentos, se aplicó la técnica de Fingerprinting o rastreo de sedimentos, utilizando trazadores como Cesio-137 y plomo en exceso (210Pbex), con los cuales se clasificaron dos fuentes principales de sedimentos: superficiales (cultivos, bosques, vegetación natural) y subsuperficiales (cárcavas y bancos de ríos), los resultados permitieron identificar que el sedimento predominante en los eventos son de origen subsuperficial con aportes mayores al 57%, 73% y 67% en las estaciones Majadapampa, Chamis y Ronquillo respectivamente.
The accelerated erosion of soils, whether due to natural or anthropogenic causes, threatens soil health and ecosystem sustainability, negatively affecting agriculture and the economy. This problem has led to the need to know how much sediment is being lost and its origin. To address this issue in the Ronquillo basin, monitoring of streamflow and suspended sediments began in March 2016 at three hydro-sedimentological stations: the upper sub-basin (Majadapampa, 2016-2017), middle sub-basin (Chamis, 2016-2018), and at the outlet of the Ronquillo basin (2016-2018). The results showed that during the hydrological year 2016 2017, there was a higher suspended sediment yield (6.3 ± 1.5*10-3 t year-1 km2 in Majadapampa, 61 ± 4.8*10-3 t year-1 km2 in Chamis, 120 ± 2.9*10-2 t year-1 km2 in Ronquillo), compared to 2017-2018 (45 ± 1.5*10-3 t year-1 km2 in Chamis, 91 ± 1.3*10-2 t year-1 km2 in Ronquillo). To determine the origin of sediments, the Fingerprinting technique was applied, using tracers such as Cesium-137 and excess lead-210 (210Pbex), which classified two main sediment sources: surface (crops, forests, natural vegetation) and subsurface (gullies and riverbanks). The results allowed us to identify that the predominant sediment in the events is of subsurface origin, with contributions of over 57%, 73%, and 67% at the Majadapampa, Chamis, and Ronquillo stations, respectively.
The accelerated erosion of soils, whether due to natural or anthropogenic causes, threatens soil health and ecosystem sustainability, negatively affecting agriculture and the economy. This problem has led to the need to know how much sediment is being lost and its origin. To address this issue in the Ronquillo basin, monitoring of streamflow and suspended sediments began in March 2016 at three hydro-sedimentological stations: the upper sub-basin (Majadapampa, 2016-2017), middle sub-basin (Chamis, 2016-2018), and at the outlet of the Ronquillo basin (2016-2018). The results showed that during the hydrological year 2016 2017, there was a higher suspended sediment yield (6.3 ± 1.5*10-3 t year-1 km2 in Majadapampa, 61 ± 4.8*10-3 t year-1 km2 in Chamis, 120 ± 2.9*10-2 t year-1 km2 in Ronquillo), compared to 2017-2018 (45 ± 1.5*10-3 t year-1 km2 in Chamis, 91 ± 1.3*10-2 t year-1 km2 in Ronquillo). To determine the origin of sediments, the Fingerprinting technique was applied, using tracers such as Cesium-137 and excess lead-210 (210Pbex), which classified two main sediment sources: surface (crops, forests, natural vegetation) and subsurface (gullies and riverbanks). The results allowed us to identify that the predominant sediment in the events is of subsurface origin, with contributions of over 57%, 73%, and 67% at the Majadapampa, Chamis, and Ronquillo stations, respectively.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en
Recursos Hídricos
Keywords
Caudal
Citation
Date
2025
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