Comparación de costos de producción empleando dos sembradoras de precisión en agricultura de conservación vs. agricultura convencional
Authors
Navarro Garay, Fermin Hugo
Abstract
El presente proyecto de investigación se llevó a cabo en los terrenos pertenecientes a la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), y participaron personal técnico de ésta universidad, para el desarrollo del presente proyecto, el mismo que tuvo como propósito principal la de comparar los costos que ocasiona la Agricultura Convencional frente a la Agricultura de Conservación, para lo cual se construyó y probó dos máquinas sembradoras-fertilizadoras de granos, siendo una de ellas acondicionado para siembra directa, adicionándole un disco delantero para el desarrollo de las pruebas de campo. En las pruebas de campo de las maquinas sembradoras-fertilizadoras de granos, se consideró la operatividad de sus partes principales, los costos de la siembra convencional versus siembra en agricultura de conservación, sus rendimientos y las correcciones necesarias para un uso más eficiente. Es a partir de la determinación de los costos con estimación del valor medio esperado, que podríamos definir un criterio o raciocinio para convertir el problema de decisión bajo incertidumbre en un problema de decisión de bajo riesgo. Después de realizar las correcciones del dosificador de semilla, la inclusión de rayadores en la parte delantera y el cambio de material de los conductores de semilla, se procedió a la siembra de maíz, dando como resultados una buena siembra. La siembra resultó en un aumento en los rendimientos de cultivos por el ahorro en horas hombre y horas máquina, lo cual incide en los costos de siembra en relación a la siembra tradicional. Los resultados obtenidos fueron los siguientes: La sembradora de origen americano, fue la que arrojó las mayores producciones, tanto en Agricultura Convencional como en Agricultura de Conservación. Bajo el primer sistema se obtuvo un valor bruto de 53.15 Tn/ha, generando un ingreso neto de S/. 98.20, mientras que en Agricultura de Conservación se obtuvo 43.82 Tn/ha, generando un ingreso neto de S/. 395.31 en el terreno experimental. Es necesario mencionar, que el mayor índice de rentabilidad se obtuvo bajo el sistema de Agricultura de Conservación con 11.29 %.
The present research project was carried out in the fields belonging to the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM). The technical staff of this university participated for the development of this project. The primary purpose was to compare the costs incurred by Conventional Agriculture against the Conservation Agriculture costs. Two seed-fertilizer-grain machines were built and tested, one of which was conditioned for direct sowing, adding a front disc for the development of the field trials. On the field tests of seed-fertilizer machines, the main parts, the costs of conventional planting versus sowing in conservation agriculture, their yields and the corrections necessary for a more efficient use were considered. It is from the determination of costs with estimated average value that we could define a criterion or reasoning to transform the decision problem under uncertainty into a problem of low decision risk. After the corrections of the seed dispenser, the inclusion of scrapers in the front and the change of material of the seed conductors, the corn was sown, resulting in good seeding. Sowing resulted in an increase in crop yields due to savings in working hours and machine hours, which affects planting costs about traditional planting. The results obtained were as follows: The American sowing machine was the one that yielded the greatest productions, both in Conventional Agriculture and in Conservation Agriculture. Under the first system, a gross value of 53.15 Tn/ha was obtained, generating a net income of S/.98.20, while in Conservation Agriculture 43.82 Tn/ha was obtained, generating a net income of S/.395.31 in the experimental field. It is necessary to mention that the highest rate of profitability was achieved under the system of Conservation Agriculture with 11.29%.
The present research project was carried out in the fields belonging to the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM). The technical staff of this university participated for the development of this project. The primary purpose was to compare the costs incurred by Conventional Agriculture against the Conservation Agriculture costs. Two seed-fertilizer-grain machines were built and tested, one of which was conditioned for direct sowing, adding a front disc for the development of the field trials. On the field tests of seed-fertilizer machines, the main parts, the costs of conventional planting versus sowing in conservation agriculture, their yields and the corrections necessary for a more efficient use were considered. It is from the determination of costs with estimated average value that we could define a criterion or reasoning to transform the decision problem under uncertainty into a problem of low decision risk. After the corrections of the seed dispenser, the inclusion of scrapers in the front and the change of material of the seed conductors, the corn was sown, resulting in good seeding. Sowing resulted in an increase in crop yields due to savings in working hours and machine hours, which affects planting costs about traditional planting. The results obtained were as follows: The American sowing machine was the one that yielded the greatest productions, both in Conventional Agriculture and in Conservation Agriculture. Under the first system, a gross value of 53.15 Tn/ha was obtained, generating a net income of S/.98.20, while in Conservation Agriculture 43.82 Tn/ha was obtained, generating a net income of S/.395.31 in the experimental field. It is necessary to mention that the highest rate of profitability was achieved under the system of Conservation Agriculture with 11.29%.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ingeniería Agrícola. Departamento Académico de Mecanización y Energía
Keywords
Sembradoras de líneas; Costos de producción; Sistemas de cultivo; Labranza de conservación; Labranza convencional; Siembra directa; Prototipos; Evaluación; Perú; Sembradoras de precisión mecánica; Agricultura de conservación; Agricultura convencional; Rediseño
Citation
Date
2017
Collections
Seleccionar año de consulta:
Licencia de uso
Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess