Variación estacional del contenido de agua en el suelo en ecosistemas de pajonal natural e intervenido, Huaraz, Áncash
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Authors
Mallqui Meza, Helder Edegardo
Abstract
El objetivo principal del estudio fue evaluar la variación estacional del contenido de agua en el suelo mediante un análisis comparativo del balance hídrico a nivel diario en dos sitios de evaluación, una zona de pajonal natural intervenida con plantación de Pinus radiata y otra intervenida con zanjas de infiltración en los sectores de Tayacoto y Shillquil, respectivamente, en la provincia de Huaraz, región Áncash, Perú. Para ello se midió, de manera directa, las variables de precipitación, temperatura y humedad volumétrica del suelo (hasta 1 m, en Tayacoto; y, 0,7 m, en Shillquil). Se estimó la precipitación efectiva (PE) y la escorrentía superficial (ES) mediante el método del número de curva (NC). La evapotranspiración de referencia (ETo) se estimó mediante la ecuación Penman-Monteith. La evapotranspiración total (ET) y la percolación (Per) se midieron directamente, el primero como consecuencia del cambio en el almacenamiento de agua en el suelo (ΔST); y, el segundo, a partir de valores por encima de la capacidad máxima de almacenamiento. Los resultados muestran que en el sector Tayacoto, sólo el pajonal presentó Per durante el periodo de estudio, siendo evidente el mayor consumo de agua del suelo de la plantación de Pinus radiata. En el caso del almacenamiento, tanto en el periodo de estiaje (U = 1783,5; p < 0,001), como en el húmedo (U = 213; p < 0,001) se presentaron, también, diferencias significativas a favor del pajonal, con un tamaño del efecto muy grande (r = 0,84 y 0,86). Para el caso del sector Shillquil, no existieron diferencias estadísticas significativas (t(54) = 1,74; p = 0,087; d = 1,60; d Cohen = 0,43; IC 95% [-0,24; 3,44]) en los valores de Per diaria entre zanjas de infiltración y pajonal. El almacenamiento fue mejor en la zanja para el periodo húmedo (U=8107; p < 0,001) y en el pajonal tuvo un mejor comportamiento (U = 17070,5; p = 0,039), durante el estiaje, ambos con efectos pequeños (r = 0,25 y 0,10). Se concluye que el almacenamiento de agua en el suelo, así como la formación de agua gravitacional y percolación, ha sido mejor en el pajonal que en la plantación de pinos. Así mismo, los resultados no han permitido visualizar el efecto o el impacto esperado de las zanjas de infiltración sobre estas variables, que en teoría se esperaban con valores más altos, pero, los resultados muestran diferencias poco significativas respecto al pajonal.
The main objective of the study was to evaluate the seasonal variation of the water content in the soil through a comparative analysis of the daily water balance in two evaluation sites, an area of natural grassland intervened with Pinusradiata plantations and another intervened with infiltration trenches in the sectors of Tayacoto and Shillquil, respectively, in the province of Huaraz, department of Áncash, Perú. For this, the variables of precipitation, temperature and volumetric soil moisture were directly measured (up to 1 m, at Tayacoto; y, 0,7 m, at Shillquil). Effective precipitation (PE) and surface runoff (ES) were estimated by the curve number method (NC). Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated using the Penman-Monteith equation, while total evapotranspiration (ET) and percolation (Per) were measured directly. The first as a consequence of the change in the storage of water in the soil (ΔST), and the second, from values above the maximum storage capacity of the soil. The results show that in the Tayacoto sector, only the pajonal presented Per during the study period, due to the higher consumption of water from the soil of the Pinus radiata plantation. In the case of storage, both in the dry period (U = 1783,5; p < 0,001) and wet (U = 213; p < 0,001) there were also significant differences in favor of the grassland with a very large effect size (r = 0,84 and 0,86). In the case of the Shillquil sector, there were no statistically significant differences (t(54) = 1,74; p = 0,087; d = 1,60; d Cohen = 0,43; IC 95% [-0,24; 3,44]) in the daily Per values between infiltration trenches and grasslands. Storage was better in the ditch for the wet period (U = 8107; p < 0,001) and the grassland had a better performance (U = 17070,5; p = 0,039) during the dry season, both with small effects (r = 0,25 and 0,10). It is concluded that the storage of water in the soil, as well as the formation of gravitational water and percolation, has been better in the grasslands than in the pine plantation. Likewise, the results have not made it possible to visualize the expected effect or impact of the infiltration trenches on these variables, which in theory were expected with higher values, but the results show insignificant differences with respect to the grassland.
The main objective of the study was to evaluate the seasonal variation of the water content in the soil through a comparative analysis of the daily water balance in two evaluation sites, an area of natural grassland intervened with Pinusradiata plantations and another intervened with infiltration trenches in the sectors of Tayacoto and Shillquil, respectively, in the province of Huaraz, department of Áncash, Perú. For this, the variables of precipitation, temperature and volumetric soil moisture were directly measured (up to 1 m, at Tayacoto; y, 0,7 m, at Shillquil). Effective precipitation (PE) and surface runoff (ES) were estimated by the curve number method (NC). Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated using the Penman-Monteith equation, while total evapotranspiration (ET) and percolation (Per) were measured directly. The first as a consequence of the change in the storage of water in the soil (ΔST), and the second, from values above the maximum storage capacity of the soil. The results show that in the Tayacoto sector, only the pajonal presented Per during the study period, due to the higher consumption of water from the soil of the Pinus radiata plantation. In the case of storage, both in the dry period (U = 1783,5; p < 0,001) and wet (U = 213; p < 0,001) there were also significant differences in favor of the grassland with a very large effect size (r = 0,84 and 0,86). In the case of the Shillquil sector, there were no statistically significant differences (t(54) = 1,74; p = 0,087; d = 1,60; d Cohen = 0,43; IC 95% [-0,24; 3,44]) in the daily Per values between infiltration trenches and grasslands. Storage was better in the ditch for the wet period (U = 8107; p < 0,001) and the grassland had a better performance (U = 17070,5; p = 0,039) during the dry season, both with small effects (r = 0,25 and 0,10). It is concluded that the storage of water in the soil, as well as the formation of gravitational water and percolation, has been better in the grasslands than in the pine plantation. Likewise, the results have not made it possible to visualize the expected effect or impact of the infiltration trenches on these variables, which in theory were expected with higher values, but the results show insignificant differences with respect to the grassland.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Gestión Integral de Cuencas Hidrográficas
Keywords
Pajonales; Pastizales; Evaluación; Estaciones; Variación; Vegetación; Perú; Zonificación
Citation
Date
2022
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess