Sustentabilidad de aynokas en la región Puno
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Authors
Calizaya Llatasi, Fredy Grimaldo
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Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la sustentabilidad del cultivo de papa y quinua en un sistema ancestral agrícola denominado “aynokas” en la Comunidad Campesina Palermo - Rio Salado en Juli - Puno. El estudio se realizó empleando encuestas con preguntas estructuradas a 55 agricultores con parcelas en la aynoka, e información oral y escrita disponible sobre este sistema de cultivo obtenida en talleres con expertos en cultivos andinos, agricultores, dirigentes comunitarios y otras fuentes. Se empleó 10 indicadores y 24 subindicadores que incluyeron aspectos cualitativos y cuantitativos que mostraron las relaciones establecidas entre los componentes biofísicos, agronómicos y tecnológicos, asociados al sistema agrícola. Los indicadores incluyeron criterios económicos, ambientales y sociales, permitiendo evaluar la sustentabilidad de la producción de quinua y papa en la zona de aynokas. Los niveles de sustentabilidad económica para el cultivo de papa y quinua en promedio fueron igual a 2.92 y 2.98. La sustentabilidad ambiental para papa y quinua alcanzo los valores promedio de 3.74 y 4.04, respectivamente. La sustentabilidad social en promedio de los dos sistemas fue igual a 3.38 para ambas especies. El Índice General de Sustentabilidad fue igual 3.35 y 3.47. Si bien los valores promedios superan el valor 3 señalado como el umbral mínimo existen indicadores con valores menores a 3 en la dimensión económica por lo que los cultivos de papa y quinua no son sustentables, principalmente por subindicadores como: tamaño de la propiedad agrícola, incremento del uso de maquinaria agrícola en la preparación de los campos y la poca incorporación de materia orgánica en el cultivo de la quinua.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the sustainability of potato and quinoa cultivation in an ancestral agricultural system called "aynokas" in the Palermo - Rio Salado Farm Community in Juli - Puno. The study was carried out using surveys with structured questions to 55 farmers with plots in the aynokas and oral and written information available on this cultivation system obtained in workshops with experts in Andean crops, farmers, community leaders and other sources. Ten indicators and 24 sub indicators were used that included qualitative and quantitative aspects that showed the relationships established between the biophysical, agronomic and technological components associated with the agricultural system. The indicators included economic, environmental and social criteria, allowing to evaluate the sustainability of quinoa and potato production in the aynokas area. The levels of economic sustainability for potato and quinoa cultivation on average were equal to 2.92 and 2.98. Environmental sustainability for potato and quinoa reached average values of 3.74 and 4.04. Social sustainability on average for both systems was 3.38 for both species. The overall Sustainability Index was 3.35 and 3.47. Although the average values exceed the value 3 indicated as the minimum threshold, there are indicators with values lower than 3 in the economic dimension, so potato and quinoa crops are not sustainable, mainly due to sub indicators such as: size of the agricultural property, increased use of agricultural machinery in field preparation and low incorporation of organic matter in quinoa cultivation.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the sustainability of potato and quinoa cultivation in an ancestral agricultural system called "aynokas" in the Palermo - Rio Salado Farm Community in Juli - Puno. The study was carried out using surveys with structured questions to 55 farmers with plots in the aynokas and oral and written information available on this cultivation system obtained in workshops with experts in Andean crops, farmers, community leaders and other sources. Ten indicators and 24 sub indicators were used that included qualitative and quantitative aspects that showed the relationships established between the biophysical, agronomic and technological components associated with the agricultural system. The indicators included economic, environmental and social criteria, allowing to evaluate the sustainability of quinoa and potato production in the aynokas area. The levels of economic sustainability for potato and quinoa cultivation on average were equal to 2.92 and 2.98. Environmental sustainability for potato and quinoa reached average values of 3.74 and 4.04. Social sustainability on average for both systems was 3.38 for both species. The overall Sustainability Index was 3.35 and 3.47. Although the average values exceed the value 3 indicated as the minimum threshold, there are indicators with values lower than 3 in the economic dimension, so potato and quinoa crops are not sustainable, mainly due to sub indicators such as: size of the agricultural property, increased use of agricultural machinery in field preparation and low incorporation of organic matter in quinoa cultivation.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en
Agricultura Sustentable
Keywords
Aynokas
Citation
Date
2025
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