Valoración económica de los servicios ecosistémicos en arrozales
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Authors
García Campos, Favio César
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Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo valorar económicamente los servicios ecosistémicos generados en arrozales bajo distintos métodos de riego, inundación continua y riego alternado con secado (AWD) cada 5, 10 y 20 días, dentro del área experimental del INIA – Vista Florida, Lambayeque. Se emplearon cinco métodos de valoración económica (precios de mercado, costos evitados, precios sombra, reposición de nutrientes y costos de oportunidad) para estimar los beneficios de servicios de provisión (grano y paja de arroz), regulación (control de maleza, reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, gestión hídrica, prevención de la salinización) y soporte (fertilidad del suelo). Los resultados evidenciaron que el método de riego AWD cada 10 días logró el mayor valor económico total por hectárea (S/ 35,550.83), manteniendo una alta productividad y una significativa contribución ambiental. En contraste, el riego por inundación continua presentó el mayor ingreso comercializado, pero acumuló pérdidas por servicios no comercializados, con un balance ecosistémico negativo. La comparación de la brecha entre ingresos comercializados y no comercializados permitió visibilizar el valor oculto de los servicios ecosistémicos, aportando evidencia relevante para diseñar políticas agrícolas sostenibles y esquemas de pagos por servicios ambientales. Se concluye que el sistema AWD 10 constituye una alternativa viable que equilibra productividad, eficiencia hídrica y beneficios ambientales.
This research aimed to economically assess the ecosystem services provided by rice paddies under different irrigation methods, continuous flooding and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) every 5, 10, and 20 days, inside the experimental site of INIA – Vista Florida, Lambayeque. Five economic valuation methods were applied (market prices, avoided costs, shadow pricing, nutrient replacement, and opportunity cost) to estimate the value of provisioning services (rice grain and straw), regulating services (pest control, greenhouse gas emission reduction, water management, salinization prevention), and supporting services (soil fertility). The results showed that AWD with 10 days intervals yielded the highest total ecosystem service value per hectare (S/ 35,550.83), sustaining high productivity and delivering significant environmental benefits. In contrast, continuous flooding showed the highest marketed income, but incurred losses in nonmarketed services, resulting in a negative ecosystem balance. The comparison of marketed and non-marketed income gaps highlighted the hidden value of ecosystem services, contributing key evidence for the design of sustainable agricultural policies and payment schemes for ecosystem services. The study concludes that AWD 10 is a viable alternative, balancing productivity, water efficiency, and environmental benefits.
This research aimed to economically assess the ecosystem services provided by rice paddies under different irrigation methods, continuous flooding and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) every 5, 10, and 20 days, inside the experimental site of INIA – Vista Florida, Lambayeque. Five economic valuation methods were applied (market prices, avoided costs, shadow pricing, nutrient replacement, and opportunity cost) to estimate the value of provisioning services (rice grain and straw), regulating services (pest control, greenhouse gas emission reduction, water management, salinization prevention), and supporting services (soil fertility). The results showed that AWD with 10 days intervals yielded the highest total ecosystem service value per hectare (S/ 35,550.83), sustaining high productivity and delivering significant environmental benefits. In contrast, continuous flooding showed the highest marketed income, but incurred losses in nonmarketed services, resulting in a negative ecosystem balance. The comparison of marketed and non-marketed income gaps highlighted the hidden value of ecosystem services, contributing key evidence for the design of sustainable agricultural policies and payment schemes for ecosystem services. The study concludes that AWD 10 is a viable alternative, balancing productivity, water efficiency, and environmental benefits.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento
Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Física y Meteorología
Keywords
Servicios ecosistémicos
Citation
Date
2025
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