La productividad total de factores y su contribución al crecimiento económico: análisis para el caso peruano, periodo 1993-2021
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Authors
Ochoa Bezada, Andrés
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Abstract
La presente tesis tiene por objetivo aplicar el modelo de crecimiento neoclásico con la finalidad de calcular y analizar la Productividad Total de Factores (PTF) sobre la base del vínculo del producto bruto interno (PBI) peruano en el periodo 1993-2021 con los factores que aportan al crecimiento económico. Así, se caracterizó el desempeño del PBI sobre la base del modelo propuesto por R. Solow y se determinó el aporte de la PTF a través del ejercicio de la contabilidad del crecimiento económico, y con esos cálculos, se analizó la factibilidad sobre las metas planteadas en el Marco Macroeconómico Multianual (MMM) para el periodo 2024-2027. La participación del factor capital en la producción se mantiene en línea con investigaciones similares realizadas para el caso peruano (α = 0.53), y comparando el aporte de la PTF con el horizonte de tiempo 1950 - 2021 y el periodo de énfasis de la investigación 1993 - 2021, el aporte de la PTF a la economía peruana se incrementa de 9.29 % a 30.21 % respectivamente, por lo que las metas gubernamentales expuestas en el MMM son alcanzables. Sobre la base del marco teórico, al Perú le queda aún un amplio campo de acción con el objeto de incrementar la productividad de la economía a través de la mejora del marco institucional, sobre todo en el manejo de las políticas públicas y el grado de apertura hacia el comercio mundial para atraer capitales de inversión, conocimiento, tecnología de producción y management.
The present thesis aims to apply the neoclassical growth model in order to calculate and analyze Total Factor Productivity (TFP) based on the relationship between Peru's gross domestic product (GDP) during the period 1993-2021 and the factors contributing to economic growth. Thus, the performance of GDP was characterized based on the model proposed by R. Solow, and the contribution of total factor productivity (TFP) was determined through the exercise of economic growth accounting. With these calculations, the feasibility of the targets set in the Multiannual Macroeconomic Framework (MMM) for the period 2024-2027 was analyzed. The participation of the capital factor in production remains consistent with similar research conducted for the Peruvian case (α = 0.53), and comparing the contribution of TFP over the time horizon of 1950 - 2021 and the emphasis period of the research from 1993 - 2021, the contribution of TFP to the Peruvian economy increases from 9.29% to 30.21% respectively, indicating that the government goals outlined in the MMM are achievable. Based on the theoretical framework, Peru still has a wide field of action to increase the productivity of its economy through the improvement of the institutional framework, especially in the management of public policies and the degree of openness to global trade to attract investment capital, knowledge, production technology, and management.
The present thesis aims to apply the neoclassical growth model in order to calculate and analyze Total Factor Productivity (TFP) based on the relationship between Peru's gross domestic product (GDP) during the period 1993-2021 and the factors contributing to economic growth. Thus, the performance of GDP was characterized based on the model proposed by R. Solow, and the contribution of total factor productivity (TFP) was determined through the exercise of economic growth accounting. With these calculations, the feasibility of the targets set in the Multiannual Macroeconomic Framework (MMM) for the period 2024-2027 was analyzed. The participation of the capital factor in production remains consistent with similar research conducted for the Peruvian case (α = 0.53), and comparing the contribution of TFP over the time horizon of 1950 - 2021 and the emphasis period of the research from 1993 - 2021, the contribution of TFP to the Peruvian economy increases from 9.29% to 30.21% respectively, indicating that the government goals outlined in the MMM are achievable. Based on the theoretical framework, Peru still has a wide field of action to increase the productivity of its economy through the improvement of the institutional framework, especially in the management of public policies and the degree of openness to global trade to attract investment capital, knowledge, production technology, and management.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Economía y Planificación.
Departamento Académico de Economía y Planificación
Keywords
Crecimiento económico
Citation
Date
2024
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