Comparativo técnico de los requisitos para la evaluación de plaguicidas biológicos de uso agrícola en el Perú
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Authors
Navarrete Sotomayor, Lidia Melissa
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Abstract
El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar y comparar los requisitos técnicos establecidos por el Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria para la evaluación de las diferentes categorías de plaguicidas biológicos de uso agrícola en el Perú, que incluyen microorganismos, extractos vegetales, preparados minerales y semioquímicos. La metodología empleada correspondió a un estudio descriptivo-comparativo basado en el análisis documental de normativas nacionales, específicamente el Decreto Supremo N° 001-2015-MINAGRI, referencias internacionales de organismos como FAO, OMS, EPA, y marcos regulatorios de otros países con sistemas avanzados. Los resultados evidenciaron vacíos regulatorios críticos en el sistema peruano, destacando la ausencia de guías técnicas oficiales específicas para cada categoría, requisitos fisicoquímicos no diferenciados por tipo de formulación, criterios variables entre evaluadores, falta de límites cuantitativos para parámetros de pureza, requisitos toxicológicos sin especificación clara de estudios obligatorios, protocolos de eficacia sin porcentajes mínimos definidos para preparados minerales, ausencia de protocolos de bioensayos para semioquímicos, y clasificación ambigua especialmente en preparados minerales donde no existen límites claros entre plaguicidas y fertilizantes. Se concluyó que, aunque el Perú cuenta con un marco normativo funcional que reconoce las cuatro categorías de plaguicidas biológicos, los requisitos técnicos presentan diferentes niveles de desarrollo y claridad, generando expedientes incompletos, evaluaciones inconsistentes y tiempos prolongados. La comparación con estándares internacionales reveló que países como Brasil y Chile han implementado procedimientos específicos y guías técnicas detalladas, mientras el Perú se encuentra atrasado en este aspecto. Se recomendó la publicación de guías técnicas diferenciadas, adopción de evaluación basada en riesgo, actualización de protocolos nacionales de ensayos de eficacia, fortalecimiento de capacidades técnicas institucionales y establecimiento de mecanismos de cooperación internacional.
The objective of this work was to analyze and compare the technical requirements established by the National Agrarian Health Service for the evaluation of different categories of biological pesticides for agricultural use in Peru, including microorganisms, plant extracts, mineral preparations and semiochemicals. The methodology employed corresponded to a descriptive-comparative study based on documentary analysis of national regulations, specifically Supreme Decree No. 001-2015-MINAGRI, international references from organizations such as FAO, WHO, EPA, and regulatory frameworks from other countries with advanced systems. The results evidenced critical regulatory gaps in the Peruvian system, highlighting the absence of official technical guidelines specific to each category, physicochemical requirements not differentiated by type of formulation, variable criteria among evaluators, lack of quantitative limits for purity parameters, toxicological requirements without clear specification of mandatory studies, efficacy protocols without defined minimum percentages for mineral preparations, absence of bioassay protocols for semiochemicals, and ambiguous classification especially in mineral preparations where there are no clear limits between pesticides and fertilizers. It was concluded that although Peru has a functional regulatory framework that recognizes the four categories of biological pesticides, the technical requirements present different levels of development and clarity, generating incomplete dossiers, inconsistent evaluations and prolonged timeframes. Comparison with international standards revealed that countries such as Brazil and Chile have implemented specific procedures and detailed technical guidelines, while Peru lags behind in this regard. It was recommended to publish differentiated technical guidelines, adopt risk-based evaluation, update national efficacy trial protocols, strengthen institutional technical capacities and establish international cooperation mechanisms.
The objective of this work was to analyze and compare the technical requirements established by the National Agrarian Health Service for the evaluation of different categories of biological pesticides for agricultural use in Peru, including microorganisms, plant extracts, mineral preparations and semiochemicals. The methodology employed corresponded to a descriptive-comparative study based on documentary analysis of national regulations, specifically Supreme Decree No. 001-2015-MINAGRI, international references from organizations such as FAO, WHO, EPA, and regulatory frameworks from other countries with advanced systems. The results evidenced critical regulatory gaps in the Peruvian system, highlighting the absence of official technical guidelines specific to each category, physicochemical requirements not differentiated by type of formulation, variable criteria among evaluators, lack of quantitative limits for purity parameters, toxicological requirements without clear specification of mandatory studies, efficacy protocols without defined minimum percentages for mineral preparations, absence of bioassay protocols for semiochemicals, and ambiguous classification especially in mineral preparations where there are no clear limits between pesticides and fertilizers. It was concluded that although Peru has a functional regulatory framework that recognizes the four categories of biological pesticides, the technical requirements present different levels of development and clarity, generating incomplete dossiers, inconsistent evaluations and prolonged timeframes. Comparison with international standards revealed that countries such as Brazil and Chile have implemented specific procedures and detailed technical guidelines, while Peru lags behind in this regard. It was recommended to publish differentiated technical guidelines, adopt risk-based evaluation, update national efficacy trial protocols, strengthen institutional technical capacities and establish international cooperation mechanisms.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento
Académico de Fitopatología
Keywords
Plaguicida
Citation
Date
2026
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