Etnobotánica, caracterización morfológica y distribución ecológica de especies de bambú en la región selva central del Perú
Authors
Catpo Chuchón, Jorge Enrique
Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal poner en valor la diversidad de especies de bambúes desde su conocimiento etnobotánico, distribución ecológica y abundancia en diferentes regiones del Perú. El ámbito de estudio fueron las provincias de Chanchamayo y Satipo del departamento de Junín y la provincia de Oxapampa del departamento de Pasco, en nueve lugares distribuidos en los distritos de San Ramón (Chanchamayo), Rio Negro, Pangoa y Mazamari (Satipo) y Villa Rica y Pozuzo (Oxapampa). Se realizaron colectas botánicas de material vegetativo de las especies de bambúes halladas en cada uno de los lugares de estudio, con el fin de lograr su identificación botánica a través de la caracterización morfológica, comparación con muestras botánicas del herbario de la facultad de ciencias forestales de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, de investigaciones ya realizadas, comparación con especímenes de herbarios virtuales (Trópicos del Missouri Botanical Garden, Field Museum y Global Plants) y consulta con especialistas. La segunda actividad realizada en la investigación y que se realizó paralelamente a la colecta, fue la entrevista de usos de los bambúes hallados, dirigida a las personas relacionadas a la especie (agricultores, comuneros, pobladores locales), con el fin de obtener un cuadro resumen de usos de los bambúes estudiados, además de documentar los usos locales a través de fotografías. Como tercera actividad se evaluó la abundancia de las especies de bambúes en los lugares de estudio, a través de un formato que recogía datos como el número de matas y el número de culmos en una determinada área. Se obtuvo la identificación de cuatro especies de bambúes, dos especies nativas (Guadua weberbaueri y Rhipidocladum harmonicum) y dos especies introducidas (Dendrocalamus asper y Phyllostachys aurea), con diversos usos, destacando la especie Phyllostachys aurea como la de mayor uso con un valor de 6 en función de la metodología de valor de usos desarrollada. Las especies de mayor abundancia fueron: Phyllostachys aurea y Dendrocalamus asper, como también la especie Guadua weberbaueri, que a pesar de hallarse en áreas reducidas, está distribuida ampliamente en la región Selva Central. Finalmente el análisis de la distribución ecológica muestra que las especies nativas con varios usos y de amplia distribución tanto en las regiones Selva Central como Nor Oriental son Guadua weberbaueri y Rhipidocladum harmonicum, siendo esta última poco abundante en la región Selva Central. Se encontró que para ambas especies la altitud no es un factor limitante para su presencia (Guadua weberbaueri 696 – 2387 msnm. Rhipidocladum harmonicum 585 – 2427 msnm), mientras que la precipitación limita su crecimiento. Para las especies introducidas, la que se halló en ambos ámbitos con culmos muy bien desarrollados, fue Dendrocalamus asper, hallada a 781 y 1081 msnm, la cual es incluida por los agricultores en sus terrenos con el fin de evitar la erosión por cursos de agua.
The present investigation had as principal aim put in value the diversity of species of bamboos from his knowledge ethnobotanic, ecological distribution and abundance in different regions of Perú. The area of study it were the provinces of Chanchamayo and Satipo of Junín's department and Oxapampa province of Pasco's department, in nine places distributed in San Ramon´s districts (Chanchamayo), Rio Negro, Pangoa and Mazamari (Satipo) and Villa Rica and Pozuzo (Oxapampa). There were realized botanical collections of vegetative material of the species of bamboos found in each of the places of study, in order to achieve his botanical identification across the morphologic characterization, comparison with botanical samples of the herbalist of the faculty of forest sciences of the National Agrarian University La Molina, of already realized investigations, comparison with specimens of virtual herbalists (Tropics of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Field Museum and Global Plants) and it consults with specialists. The second activity realized in the investigation and that was realized parallel to the collection, was the interview of uses of the found bamboos, directed the persons related to the species (farmers, commoners, local settlers), in order a picture obtained summary of uses of the studied bamboos, beside documenting the local uses across photographies. Since third activity evaluated the abundance of the species of bamboos in the places of study, across a format that was gathering information as the number of bushes and the number of culmos in a certain area. There was obtained the identification of four species of bamboos, two native species (Guadua weberbaueri and Rhipidocladum harmonicum) and two introduced species (Dendrocalamus asper and Phyllostachys aurea), by diverse uses, emphasizing the species Phyllostachys aurea as that of major use with a value of 6 depending on the methodology of value of uses developed. The species of major abundance were: Phyllostachys aurea and Dendrocalamus asper, as also the species Guadua weberbaueri, which in spite of being situated in limited areas, is distributed widely in the region Central Jungle. Finally the analysis of the ecological distribution shows that the native species with several uses and of wide distribution so much in the regions Central Jungle like Nor Oriental they are Guadua weberbaueri and Rhipidocladum harmonicum, being slightly abundant the latter in the region Central Jungle. One thought that for both species the altitude is not a bounding factor for his presence (Guadua weberbaueri 696 - 2387 msnm. Rhipidocladum harmonicum 585 - 2427 msnm), whereas the rainfall limits his growth. For the introduced species, which was situated in both areas with culms very well developed, was Dendrocalamus asper found to 781 and 1081 msnm, which is included by the farmers in his areas in order to avoid the erosion for water courses.
The present investigation had as principal aim put in value the diversity of species of bamboos from his knowledge ethnobotanic, ecological distribution and abundance in different regions of Perú. The area of study it were the provinces of Chanchamayo and Satipo of Junín's department and Oxapampa province of Pasco's department, in nine places distributed in San Ramon´s districts (Chanchamayo), Rio Negro, Pangoa and Mazamari (Satipo) and Villa Rica and Pozuzo (Oxapampa). There were realized botanical collections of vegetative material of the species of bamboos found in each of the places of study, in order to achieve his botanical identification across the morphologic characterization, comparison with botanical samples of the herbalist of the faculty of forest sciences of the National Agrarian University La Molina, of already realized investigations, comparison with specimens of virtual herbalists (Tropics of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Field Museum and Global Plants) and it consults with specialists. The second activity realized in the investigation and that was realized parallel to the collection, was the interview of uses of the found bamboos, directed the persons related to the species (farmers, commoners, local settlers), in order a picture obtained summary of uses of the studied bamboos, beside documenting the local uses across photographies. Since third activity evaluated the abundance of the species of bamboos in the places of study, across a format that was gathering information as the number of bushes and the number of culmos in a certain area. There was obtained the identification of four species of bamboos, two native species (Guadua weberbaueri and Rhipidocladum harmonicum) and two introduced species (Dendrocalamus asper and Phyllostachys aurea), by diverse uses, emphasizing the species Phyllostachys aurea as that of major use with a value of 6 depending on the methodology of value of uses developed. The species of major abundance were: Phyllostachys aurea and Dendrocalamus asper, as also the species Guadua weberbaueri, which in spite of being situated in limited areas, is distributed widely in the region Central Jungle. Finally the analysis of the ecological distribution shows that the native species with several uses and of wide distribution so much in the regions Central Jungle like Nor Oriental they are Guadua weberbaueri and Rhipidocladum harmonicum, being slightly abundant the latter in the region Central Jungle. One thought that for both species the altitude is not a bounding factor for his presence (Guadua weberbaueri 696 - 2387 msnm. Rhipidocladum harmonicum 585 - 2427 msnm), whereas the rainfall limits his growth. For the introduced species, which was situated in both areas with culms very well developed, was Dendrocalamus asper found to 781 and 1081 msnm, which is included by the farmers in his areas in order to avoid the erosion for water courses.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Conservación de Recursos Forestales
Keywords
Guadua angustifolia; Biodiversidad; Etnobotánica; Distribución geográfica; Evaluación; Zona tropical; Perú; Selva Central; Distribución ecológica; Caracterización morfológica; Región Selva Central
Citation
Date
2019
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess