Componentes de valor funcional y proteico antes y después de la extrusión y secado en Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet ) desamargado
Authors
Córdova Ramos, Javier Saúl
Abstract
Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) tiene beneficios para la salud con posibilidades prometedoras para la industria alimentaria. El objetivo general fue estudiar el efecto del desamargado, extrusión y secado por aspersión en los componentes nutricionales y funcionales del tarwi (L. mutabilis). Tres genotipos (Altagracia, Andenes y Yunguyo) fueron procesados bajo los siguientes tratamientos: desamargado (en agua); extrusión (después del desamargado); y secado por aspersión con maltodextrina y goma arábiga (después del desamargado seguido de molienda húmeda y filtración de sólidos gruesos). El tratamiento de procesamiento presentó un efecto predominante sobre todos los componentes nutricionales y funcionales mientras que el genotipo mostró un efecto limitado. Las proteínas y los lípidos (47.4 y 16.2 g/100 g MS) del lupino amargo (control) se modificaron por el procesamiento. Los extruidos tuvieron un mayor contenido de proteína (55.7 g/100 g) y digestibilidad (68.1%), con bajo daño térmico (8.7 mg de furosina/100 g de proteína), que los lupinos desamargados. Se encontró daño térmico en las muestras secadas con adición de maltodextrina (54.1±20.7 mg de furosina/100 g de proteína; 0.60 mg de hidroximetilfurfural/kg; 0.58 mg de glucosilisomaltol/kg), y una alta digestibilidad (72.8- 74.0%). El procesamiento mejoró la digestibilidad, sin inducir daños térmicos relevantes. El secado por aspersión afectó significativamente (p≤0.05) a los compuestos fenólicos totales (TPC) y su actividad antioxidante, disminuyéndolos en contenido. Los lípidos influyeron negativamente en la cuantificación de TPC; por esta razón, las muestras desengrasadas tuvieron más alto TPC y capacidad antioxidante que las muestras sin desengrasar. En todas las muestras de lupino sin procesar y procesado se encontraron γ-tocoferol en abundancia, luteína en cantidades pequeñas, y trazas de zeaxantina. El desamargado y la extrusión no afectaron significativamente (p≥0.05) los contenidos de los tocoferoles y carotenoides. El tarwi (lupino Andino) contiene nutrientes y compuestos bioactivos importantes para la nutrición y la salud humana.
Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) had health benefits with promising possibilities for the food industry. The general objective was to study the effect of debittering, extrusion and spray drying on the nutritional and functional components of tarwi (L. mutabilis). Three genotypes (Altagracia, Andenes and Yunguyo) were processed under the following treatments: debittering (water); extrusion (after debittering); and spray drying with maltodextrin and gum arabic (after debittering followed by wet-grinding and filtering of coarse solids). Processing treatment showed a predominant effect on all nutritional and functional components while the genotype showed a limited effect. The proteins and lipids (47.4 and 16.2 g/100 g MS) of bitter lupin (control) were modified by processing. The extrudates had higher protein content (55.7 g/100 g) and digestibility (68.1%), with low heat damage (8.7 mg of furosin/100 g of protein), than the debittered lupins. Thermal damage was found in dried samples with addition of maltodextrin (54.1±20.7 mg of furosin/100 g of protein; 0.60 mg of hydroxymethylfurfural/kg; 0.58 mg of glucosylisomaltol/kg), and a high digestibility (72.8 - 74.0%). Processing improved digestibility without inducing relevant heat damage. Spray drying significantly affected (p≤0.05) the total phenolic compounds (TPC) and their antioxidant activity, reducing their content. Lipids negatively influenced TPC quantification; for this reason, the defatted samples had higher TPC and antioxidant capacity than the nondefatted samples. In all samples of unprocessed and processed lupin, were found γtocopherol in abundance, lutein in small quantities, and zeaxanthin in traces. Debittering and extrusion did not significantly affect (p≥0.05) the contents of tocopherols and carotenoids. The tarwi (Andean lupin) contains nutrients and bioactive compounds important for nutrition and human health.
Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) had health benefits with promising possibilities for the food industry. The general objective was to study the effect of debittering, extrusion and spray drying on the nutritional and functional components of tarwi (L. mutabilis). Three genotypes (Altagracia, Andenes and Yunguyo) were processed under the following treatments: debittering (water); extrusion (after debittering); and spray drying with maltodextrin and gum arabic (after debittering followed by wet-grinding and filtering of coarse solids). Processing treatment showed a predominant effect on all nutritional and functional components while the genotype showed a limited effect. The proteins and lipids (47.4 and 16.2 g/100 g MS) of bitter lupin (control) were modified by processing. The extrudates had higher protein content (55.7 g/100 g) and digestibility (68.1%), with low heat damage (8.7 mg of furosin/100 g of protein), than the debittered lupins. Thermal damage was found in dried samples with addition of maltodextrin (54.1±20.7 mg of furosin/100 g of protein; 0.60 mg of hydroxymethylfurfural/kg; 0.58 mg of glucosylisomaltol/kg), and a high digestibility (72.8 - 74.0%). Processing improved digestibility without inducing relevant heat damage. Spray drying significantly affected (p≤0.05) the total phenolic compounds (TPC) and their antioxidant activity, reducing their content. Lipids negatively influenced TPC quantification; for this reason, the defatted samples had higher TPC and antioxidant capacity than the nondefatted samples. In all samples of unprocessed and processed lupin, were found γtocopherol in abundance, lutein in small quantities, and zeaxanthin in traces. Debittering and extrusion did not significantly affect (p≥0.05) the contents of tocopherols and carotenoids. The tarwi (Andean lupin) contains nutrients and bioactive compounds important for nutrition and human health.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Ciencia de Alimentos
Keywords
Lupinus mutabilis; Contenido proteico; Valor nutritivo; Fitomejoramiento; Evaluación; Perú; Tarwi
Citation
Date
2020
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