Diseño de una unidad de tratamiento de agua basada en electrosíntesis de iones ferrato para la remoción de arsénico inorgánico
Authors
Quino Favero, Javier Martín
Abstract
El estudio tuvo como objetivo diseñar y construir un sistema de tratamiento continuo para tratar agua contaminada con arsenito y arseniato utilizando el ion ferrato (VI) como agente oxidante. La producción del ion ferrato (VI) se realizó a través del método electroquímico por oxidación anódica del hierro con bajo contenido de carbono (0,047 %) en un reactor de celda dividida con cátodo de grafito, una membrana de intercambio catiónico y NaOH como electrolito. La máxima concentración de ferrato (VI) de 0,287 mol/L se logró cuando la relación entre la superficie del ánodo y el volumen de la cámara anódica (SÁnodo/VÁnodo) fue 2,21 cm-1 , la concentración molar de electrolito (NaOH) 20 molL -1 y la densidad de corriente de 80 A/m2 luego de 5 horas de tiempo de electrólisis. Se encontró que un costo de producción de ferrato (VI) más bajo, no se relacionó con la mayor eficiencia farádica en la producción del ferrato (VI), siendo el NaOH el componente que contribuye con el 80% de los costos de producción. La solución de ferrato (VI) producida electroquímicamente fue utilizada conjuntamente con cloruro férrico para remover arsenito, arseniato y mezclas de ambos iones en concentraciones de hasta 1000 µg/L en agua subterránea sintética de Bangladesh (SBGW), lográndose remover el arsénico y alcanzando una concentración residual menor de 10 µg/L, que es el límite establecido por la OMS para agua potable. El diseño y construcción del sistema de tratamiento continuo de la SBGW utilizando ferrato consistió en un sistema de adición de ferrato (VI) para mantener un ORP de 800 mV para asegurar la conversión del arsenito a arseniato seguido de una adición de cloruro férrico para ajustar el pH de salida a 6,45 y capturar el arseniato remanente en una unidad de filtración de poro 5 µm, lográndose concentraciones finales de arsénico inferiores a los 10 µg/L operando a un caudal de 120 L/h.
The study aimed to design and build a continuous system to treat water polluted with arsenite and arsenate using the ferrate (VI) ion as an oxidizing agent. Ferrate (VI) ion production was carried out through the electrochemical method by anodic oxidation of low carbon steel (0.047%) in a divided cell reactor with a graphite cathode, a cation exchange membrane and NaOH as electrolyte. A maximum ferrate (VI) concentration of 0,287 mol L -1 was achieved when the ratio between the anode surface and the volume of the anode chamber (SÁnode / VÁnode) was 2,21 cm-1 , the molar concentration of electrolyte (NaOH) was 20 mol/L and the current density of 80 A/m2 after 5 hours of electrolysis time. It was found that a lower production cost of ferrate (VI) was not related with higher faradic efficiencies in the production of ferrate (VI), with NaOH being the component that contributes to 80% of the production costs. The electrochemically produced ferrate (VI) solution was used together with ferric chloride to remove arsenite, arsenate and mixtures of both ions in concentrations of up to 1000 µg/L in synthetic Bangladesh groundwater (SBGW), achieving high arsenic removals and reaching an arsenic residual concentration less than 10 µg / L, which is the limit established by the WHO for drinking water. The design and construction of the continuous treatment system of the SBGW using ferrate consisted of an addition system of ferrate (VI) to maintain an ORP of 800 mV to ensure the oxidation of the arsenite to arsenate followed by an addition of ferric chloride to adjust the final pH at 6,45 and capturing the remaining arsenate before a filter unit (5 µm pore), achieving final concentrations of arsenic below 10 µg / L operating at a flow rate of 120 L/h.
The study aimed to design and build a continuous system to treat water polluted with arsenite and arsenate using the ferrate (VI) ion as an oxidizing agent. Ferrate (VI) ion production was carried out through the electrochemical method by anodic oxidation of low carbon steel (0.047%) in a divided cell reactor with a graphite cathode, a cation exchange membrane and NaOH as electrolyte. A maximum ferrate (VI) concentration of 0,287 mol L -1 was achieved when the ratio between the anode surface and the volume of the anode chamber (SÁnode / VÁnode) was 2,21 cm-1 , the molar concentration of electrolyte (NaOH) was 20 mol/L and the current density of 80 A/m2 after 5 hours of electrolysis time. It was found that a lower production cost of ferrate (VI) was not related with higher faradic efficiencies in the production of ferrate (VI), with NaOH being the component that contributes to 80% of the production costs. The electrochemically produced ferrate (VI) solution was used together with ferric chloride to remove arsenite, arsenate and mixtures of both ions in concentrations of up to 1000 µg/L in synthetic Bangladesh groundwater (SBGW), achieving high arsenic removals and reaching an arsenic residual concentration less than 10 µg / L, which is the limit established by the WHO for drinking water. The design and construction of the continuous treatment system of the SBGW using ferrate consisted of an addition system of ferrate (VI) to maintain an ORP of 800 mV to ensure the oxidation of the arsenite to arsenate followed by an addition of ferric chloride to adjust the final pH at 6,45 and capturing the remaining arsenate before a filter unit (5 µm pore), achieving final concentrations of arsenic below 10 µg / L operating at a flow rate of 120 L/h.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Ingeniería Ambiental
Keywords
Agua potable; Agua dulce; Purificación del agua; Hierro; Iones; Inocuidad alimentaria; Consumo; Calidad del agua; Análisis microbiológico; Arsénico; Evaluación; Perú; Iones ferrato; Electrosintesis
Citation
Date
2020
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