Consumo de frutos y ensamblaje de murciélagos en un bosque de transición y maduro, Parque Nacional del Manu, Perú.
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Cornejo Cardich, Antuane De Fatima
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Resumen
Los murciélagos participan en la sucesión ribereña, actuando no solo como dispersores de plantas pioneras, sino también como polinizadores, controladores de insectos y depredadores (Kunz, 1982; Muscarella & Fleming, 2007). En este sentido, el consumo de frutos y los ensamblajes de quirópteros es una interacción clave para entender como los murciélagos responden en diferentes hábitats. El Parque Nacional del Manu tiene ecosistemas con baja perturbación y alta diversidad donde se puede diferenciar los estadios de la sucesión ribereña del bosque y sus comunidades biológicas (Flores et al., 2013; Valdez & Groom, 2013) . En la presente investigación se determinó las diferencias entre el consumo de frutos y el ensamblaje de murciélagos existente en un bosque de transición y en un bosque maduro en la Estación Biológica Cocha Cashu ubicada en el Parque Nacional del Manu. Se llevó a cabo un muestreo con redes de niebla durante 20 noches por cada tipo de bosque con un esfuerzo de muestreo de 14040 metros de red por hora. Se analizó los ensamblajes a través de la riqueza, abundancia y composición de gremios tróficos. Para la diversidad se utilizaron índices de diversidad alfa y beta. La disimilitud en el consumo de frutos se evaluó mediante el índice de disimilitud total de interacciones y de manera descriptiva. Se registraron 127 individuos pertenecientes a 24 especies de murciélagos en el bosque en transición y 148 individuos distribuidos en 19 especies en el bosque maduro, ambos bosques tienen una dominancia en la subfamilia Stenodermatinae y el gremio frugívoro. Se encontró una mayor diversidad de murciélagos en el bosque en transición y se colectaron 46 muestras fecales con ocho especies vegetales, mientras que para el bosque maduro se obtuvieron 30 muestras fecales con nueve especies. Los géneros de plantas más recurrentes fueron Ficus y Piper, que a su vez son plantas pioneras. Se halló diferencias en el consumo de frutos por los ensamblajes de murciélagos en los distintos tipos de bosque, en el bosque de transición los murciélagos de la subfamilia especies de Stenodermatinae centraron su dieta en Ficus y la complementaron con Piper, mientras que en el bosque maduro consumieron Ficus, Cecropia y su ingesta de Piper disminuyó. En general el consumo de Ficus fue mayor que el de Piper en el bosque maduro, mientras que en el bosque de transición ocurrió lo opuesto.
Bats participate in riparian succession, acting not only as dispersers of pioneer plants, but also as pollinators, insect controllers and predators (Kunz, 1982; Muscarella & Fleming, 2007). In this sense, fruit consumption and bat assemblages is a key interaction to understand how bats respond to different habitats. The Manu National Park has ecosystems with low disturbance and high diversity where the stages of the forest's riparian succession and its biological communities can be differentiated (Flores et al., 2013; Valdez & Groom, 2013). In the present research, the differences between fruit consumption and bat assemblages between a transitional forest and a mature forest at the Cocha Cashu Biological Station located in the Manu National Park were determined. Mist net sampling was carried out for 20 nights for each forest type with a sampling effort of 14,040 net meters per hour. The assemblages were analyzed through the richness, abundance and composition of trophic guilds. For diversity, alpha and beta diversity indices were used. The dissimilarity in fruit consumption was carried out through the total dissimilarity index of interactions and in a descriptive manner. A total of 127 individuals were recorded and 24 bat species were identified in the transition forest, while 148 individuals belonging to 19 species were recorded in the mature forest. Both forests have a dominance in the Stenodermatinae subfamily and in the frugivore guild. Greater diversity was found in the transition forest and 46 fecal samples belonging to the transition forest with eight plant species and 30 fecal samples were collected from the mature forest with nine species. The plant genera that were most recurrent were Ficus, Piper and which are also pioneer species. Differences were found in fruit consumption by bat assemblages in the different types of forest, in the transition forest the bats of the Stenodermatinae species subfamily focused their diet on Ficus and they complemented it with Piper, while in the mature forest they consumed Ficus, Cecropia and their intake of Piper decreased. Overall, the consumption of Ficus was larger than that of Piper in the mature forest, while the opposite occurred in the transitional forest.
Bats participate in riparian succession, acting not only as dispersers of pioneer plants, but also as pollinators, insect controllers and predators (Kunz, 1982; Muscarella & Fleming, 2007). In this sense, fruit consumption and bat assemblages is a key interaction to understand how bats respond to different habitats. The Manu National Park has ecosystems with low disturbance and high diversity where the stages of the forest's riparian succession and its biological communities can be differentiated (Flores et al., 2013; Valdez & Groom, 2013). In the present research, the differences between fruit consumption and bat assemblages between a transitional forest and a mature forest at the Cocha Cashu Biological Station located in the Manu National Park were determined. Mist net sampling was carried out for 20 nights for each forest type with a sampling effort of 14,040 net meters per hour. The assemblages were analyzed through the richness, abundance and composition of trophic guilds. For diversity, alpha and beta diversity indices were used. The dissimilarity in fruit consumption was carried out through the total dissimilarity index of interactions and in a descriptive manner. A total of 127 individuals were recorded and 24 bat species were identified in the transition forest, while 148 individuals belonging to 19 species were recorded in the mature forest. Both forests have a dominance in the Stenodermatinae subfamily and in the frugivore guild. Greater diversity was found in the transition forest and 46 fecal samples belonging to the transition forest with eight plant species and 30 fecal samples were collected from the mature forest with nine species. The plant genera that were most recurrent were Ficus, Piper and which are also pioneer species. Differences were found in fruit consumption by bat assemblages in the different types of forest, in the transition forest the bats of the Stenodermatinae species subfamily focused their diet on Ficus and they complemented it with Piper, while in the mature forest they consumed Ficus, Cecropia and their intake of Piper decreased. Overall, the consumption of Ficus was larger than that of Piper in the mature forest, while the opposite occurred in the transitional forest.
Descripción
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento
Académico de Biología
Palabras clave
Murciélagos
Citación
Fecha
2025
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