Producción a escala piloto de fertilizante orgánico acelerado por fermentación láctica a partir de excretas de cerdo y vinaza
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Authors
Anccasi Casavilca, Juana Angela
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Abstract
En la presente investigación se elaboró, a escala piloto, un fertilizante orgánico acelerado
mediante el proceso de fermentación láctica, utilizando como fuente de materia orgánica, las
excretas de cerdo y vinaza, como fuente de carbohidratos, la melaza y además se uso el
consorcio microbiano Gar – Lac. Se realizaron cuatro ensayos piloto en un bioarreactor de
acero inoxidable de 30 L, a temperatura constante promedio de 40 ºC, por siete días en cada
ensayo. La incorporación de los insumos fue: 80 % de materia orgánica (excretas de cerdo
y vinaza), 10 % de melaza y 10 % de Gar – Lac. Todos los días del proceso de fermentación
se evaluó el pH y el % de acidez láctica, se observó una dismunición del pH, teniendo un pH
inicial de 5.23 y al finalizar se obtuvo 3.24; mientras el % de acidez láctica fue en aumento,
inció con 0.26 % y concluyó con 1.31%. En el fertilizante líquido orgánico acelerado se
obtuvo las características fisicoquímicas de 44.40 g/L de M.O., 6870.47 mg/L de N total,
2190.10 mg/L de P total de y 8443.75 mg/L de K total, son valores superiores a los
comparados y con respecto a los micronutrientes también se identifica la buena calidad del
fertilizante. El fertilizante sólido orgánico acelerado se obtuvo a la M.O. de 85.25 %, N de
1.79 %, P2O5 de 1.58 % y K2O de 2.10 % son valores parecidos a los resultados de las
investigaciones comparadas; con los resultados de los análisis microbiológicos evidencian
que el fertilizante obtenido es un producto inocuo sin microorganismos patógenos lo cual
refuerza y aumenta su buena calidad. La eficiencia promedio en la producción en relación
con el ingreso total de insumos y la salida total es de 81.6 %; y con la obtención de forma
líquida se obtuvo una eficiencia de 92.09 % mientras la parte sólida fue de 7.91 %.
In the present investigation, an accelerated organic fertilizer was prepared on a pilot scale through the lactic fermentation process, using pig excreta and vinasse as a source of organic matter, molasses as a source of carbohydrates, and the microbial consortium was also used. Gar–Lac. Four pilot tests were carried out in a 30 L stainless steel bioreactor, at an average constant temperature of 40 ºC, for seven days in each test. The incorporation of the inputs was: 80% organic matter (pork excreta and vinasse), 10% molasses and 10% Gar – Lac. Every day of the fermentation process, the pH and % lactic acidity were evaluated, a decrease in pH was observed, having an initial pH of 5.23 and at the end 3.24 was obtained; While the % of lactic acidity increased, it started with 0.26% and ended with 1.31%. In the accelerated liquid organic fertilizer, the physicochemical characteristics of 44.40 g/L of M.O., 6870.47 mg/L of total N, 2190.10 mg/L of total P and 8443.75 mg/L of total K were obtained, these are values higher than those compared. and with respect to micronutrients, the good quality of the fertilizer is also identified. The accelerated organic solid fertilizer was obtained at the M.O. of 85.25%, N of 1.79%, P2O5 of 1.58% and K2O of 2.10% are values similar to the results of the comparative investigations; The results of the microbiological analyzes show that the fertilizer obtained is a safe product without pathogenic microorganisms, which reinforces and increases its good quality. The average efficiency in production in relation to total input input and total output is 81.6%; and by obtaining the liquid form an efficiency of 92.09% was obtained while the solid part was 7.91%.
In the present investigation, an accelerated organic fertilizer was prepared on a pilot scale through the lactic fermentation process, using pig excreta and vinasse as a source of organic matter, molasses as a source of carbohydrates, and the microbial consortium was also used. Gar–Lac. Four pilot tests were carried out in a 30 L stainless steel bioreactor, at an average constant temperature of 40 ºC, for seven days in each test. The incorporation of the inputs was: 80% organic matter (pork excreta and vinasse), 10% molasses and 10% Gar – Lac. Every day of the fermentation process, the pH and % lactic acidity were evaluated, a decrease in pH was observed, having an initial pH of 5.23 and at the end 3.24 was obtained; While the % of lactic acidity increased, it started with 0.26% and ended with 1.31%. In the accelerated liquid organic fertilizer, the physicochemical characteristics of 44.40 g/L of M.O., 6870.47 mg/L of total N, 2190.10 mg/L of total P and 8443.75 mg/L of total K were obtained, these are values higher than those compared. and with respect to micronutrients, the good quality of the fertilizer is also identified. The accelerated organic solid fertilizer was obtained at the M.O. of 85.25%, N of 1.79%, P2O5 of 1.58% and K2O of 2.10% are values similar to the results of the comparative investigations; The results of the microbiological analyzes show that the fertilizer obtained is a safe product without pathogenic microorganisms, which reinforces and increases its good quality. The average efficiency in production in relation to total input input and total output is 81.6%; and by obtaining the liquid form an efficiency of 92.09% was obtained while the solid part was 7.91%.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Física y Meteorología
Keywords
Cerdos; Desperdicios de origen animal; Abonos y fertilizantes; Fermentación; Evaluación de la tecnología
Citation
Date
2024
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