Respuesta de once variedades brasileñas de café (Coffea arabica) a una poda de renovación, San Ramón - Chanchamayo
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Autores
De La Cruz Torreblanca, Julio Raúl
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Resumen
El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo dentro de las instalaciones del Fundo La Génova de la UNALM, ubicado en el distrito de San Ramón, provincia de Chanchamayo, departamento de Junín. Se evaluó la respuesta vegetativa de once variedades brasileñas de café (Coffea arabica L.) al ser sometidas a una poda de renovación. Se midieron un total de 13 variables, todo esto entre los meses de agosto y diciembre de 2020. Se empleó un diseño experimental completamente al azar desbalanceado, donde se tuvieron 11 tratamientos representados por las variedades en estudio. El porcentaje de sobrevivencia 2 meses después de realizada la poda dio como resultados que casi todas las variedades tuvieran valores por encima del 90%, solo Caturra Vermelho IAC 477 y Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10 registraron valores por debajo de esta cifra (83.33 y 77.78%); también, la sobrevivencia de los brotes evaluados demostró que no hay diferencias significativas entre 10 variedades, solo Obata IAC 1669 – 20 tuvo el menor valor (55%), sin embargo, este último tuvo el mayor diámetro de tocón (P ≤ 0.05). En cuanto al número, peso y longitud de brotes no ortotrópicos, resalta Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62 con los promedios más altos (P ≤ 0.05), y manteniendo la misma tendencia en cada tercio del tocón. Para la altura de inserción de brotes ortotrópicos, Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10 mostró que sus mejores brotes se insertan a mayor altura (33.65 cm) a diferencia de otros cultivares (P ≤ 0.05). La longitud y diámetro de brotes ortotrópicos, el número de ramas plagiotrópicas, el número de hojas, número de nudos y longitud de entrenudos, comparten a Acaiá IAC 474 – 19 como el cultivar con promedios más resaltantes (P ≤ 0.05). Para la medición de la incidencia de la roya del café no hubo diferencias estadísticas significativas entre las variedades.
The present study was carried out at the UNALM's La Génova farm, located in the district of San Ramón, province of Chanchamayo, department of Junín. The vegetative response of eleven Brazilian coffee varieties (Coffea arabica L.) to renewal pruning was evaluated. A total of 13 variables were measured between August and December 2020. An unbalanced completely randomized experimental design was used, with 11 treatments represented by the varieties under study. Ther percentage of survival 2 months after pruning gave as results that almost all varieties had values above 90%, only Caturra Vermelho IAC 477 and Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10 registered values below this figure (83.33 and 77.78%); also, the survival of the evaluated shoots showed that there are no significant differences between 10 varieties, only Obata IAC 1669 – 20 had the lowest value (55%), however, the latter had the highest stump diameter (P ≤ 0.05). Regarding the number, weight and length of non – orthotropic shoots, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62 stands out with the highest averages (P ≤ 0.05), and maintaining the same trend in each third of the stump. For orthotropic shoot insertion height, Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10 showed that its best shoots were inserted at th highest height (33.65 cm) in contrast to other cultivars (P ≤ 0.05). Orthotropic shoot length and diameter, number of plagiotropic branches, number of leaves, number of nodes and internode length shared Acaiá IAC 474 – 19 as the cultivar with the most outstanding averages (P ≤ 0.05). For the measurement of coffee rust incidence, there were no significant statistical differences between varieties.
The present study was carried out at the UNALM's La Génova farm, located in the district of San Ramón, province of Chanchamayo, department of Junín. The vegetative response of eleven Brazilian coffee varieties (Coffea arabica L.) to renewal pruning was evaluated. A total of 13 variables were measured between August and December 2020. An unbalanced completely randomized experimental design was used, with 11 treatments represented by the varieties under study. Ther percentage of survival 2 months after pruning gave as results that almost all varieties had values above 90%, only Caturra Vermelho IAC 477 and Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10 registered values below this figure (83.33 and 77.78%); also, the survival of the evaluated shoots showed that there are no significant differences between 10 varieties, only Obata IAC 1669 – 20 had the lowest value (55%), however, the latter had the highest stump diameter (P ≤ 0.05). Regarding the number, weight and length of non – orthotropic shoots, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62 stands out with the highest averages (P ≤ 0.05), and maintaining the same trend in each third of the stump. For orthotropic shoot insertion height, Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10 showed that its best shoots were inserted at th highest height (33.65 cm) in contrast to other cultivars (P ≤ 0.05). Orthotropic shoot length and diameter, number of plagiotropic branches, number of leaves, number of nodes and internode length shared Acaiá IAC 474 – 19 as the cultivar with the most outstanding averages (P ≤ 0.05). For the measurement of coffee rust incidence, there were no significant statistical differences between varieties.
Descripción
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento
Académico de Fitotecnia
Palabras clave
Coffea arabica
Citación
Fecha
2025
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