Dinámica de la producción y descomposición de la hojarasca en bosques de Polylepis con diferente historia de uso, Huaraz, Áncash
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Authors
Aranda Depaz, Melissa
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Abstract
Los bosques de Polylepis son ecosistemas altoandinos que se encuentran amenazados por la presión humana, los cambios en el uso del suelo y el cambio climático, los cuales están provocando alteraciones en la dinámica y funcionamiento de estos bosques. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación es comparar el ciclo de nutrientes entre dos tipos de bosques naturales, uno conservado(LL1) y otro fragmentado (LL2), con una plantación de queñual (Qui) dentro del Parque Nacional Huascarán, Ancash entre el 2021 y 2022. En cada sitio, se establecieron tres parcelas de investigación de 500 m2. Se evaluó la producción de hojarasca utilizando cuatro trampas colectoras por parcela, con un área de 1 m2. Para evaluar la descomposición, se colocaron tres camas descomponedoras con 12 bolsas cada una, que se retiraban trimestralmente con tres repeticiones. Los resultados mostraron que las tasas de descomposición entre los bosques evaluados y la plantación son similares, sin diferencias significativas y alrededor del 50%. Sin embargo, la mayor descomposición se encontró en el bosque fragmentado (LL2), el cual también presentó la mayor producción de hojarasca, con un promedio anual de 5,73 Mg ha-1 año-1, compuesta por un 70 % de hojarasca (H), 9 % de hojarasca de vegetación acompañante (OH) y 18% de otros restos (OR). Esta producción no difiere significativamente del otro bosque natural, que produce 4,55 Mg ha-1 año-1, compuesto por un 76% de hojarasca (H), 9% de hojarasca en descomposición (OH) y 14% de otros restos (OR). En cuanto a la producción de hojarasca en la plantación, esta alcanzó los 5,44 Mg ha 1 año-1, compuesta en un 41% por hojarasca de queñual (H), un 38% por hojarasca de Eucalyptus globulus (OH) y un 20% por otros restos (OR).
The Polylepis forests are high-Andean ecosystems that are threatened by human pressure, land-use changes, and climate change, which are causing alterations in the dynamics and functioning of these forests. Therefore, the aim of this research is to compare the nutrient cycle between two types of natural forests, one conserved (LL1) and one fragmented (LL2), with a queñual plantation (Qui) within Huascarán National Park, Ancash between 2021 and 2022. At each site, three research plots of 500 m² were established. Litter production was evaluated using four collector traps per plot, with an area of 1 m². To evaluate decomposition, three decomposer beds with 12 bags each were placed, which were removed quarterly with three repetitions. The results showed that the decomposition rates between the evaluated forests and the plantation are similar, with no significant differences and around 50%. However, the greatest decomposition was found in the fragmented forest (LL2), which also presented the highest litter production, with an annual average of 5,73 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, composed of 70% litter (H), 9% decomposing litter (OH), and 18% other remains (OR). This production does not differ significantly from the other natural forest, which produces 4,55 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, composed of 76% litter (H), 9% decomposing litter (OH), and 14% other remains (OR). As for litter production in the plantation, it reached 5,44 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, composed of 41% queñual litter (H), 38% Eucalyptus globulus litter (OH), and 20% other remains (OR).
The Polylepis forests are high-Andean ecosystems that are threatened by human pressure, land-use changes, and climate change, which are causing alterations in the dynamics and functioning of these forests. Therefore, the aim of this research is to compare the nutrient cycle between two types of natural forests, one conserved (LL1) and one fragmented (LL2), with a queñual plantation (Qui) within Huascarán National Park, Ancash between 2021 and 2022. At each site, three research plots of 500 m² were established. Litter production was evaluated using four collector traps per plot, with an area of 1 m². To evaluate decomposition, three decomposer beds with 12 bags each were placed, which were removed quarterly with three repetitions. The results showed that the decomposition rates between the evaluated forests and the plantation are similar, with no significant differences and around 50%. However, the greatest decomposition was found in the fragmented forest (LL2), which also presented the highest litter production, with an annual average of 5,73 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, composed of 70% litter (H), 9% decomposing litter (OH), and 18% other remains (OR). This production does not differ significantly from the other natural forest, which produces 4,55 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, composed of 76% litter (H), 9% decomposing litter (OH), and 14% other remains (OR). As for litter production in the plantation, it reached 5,44 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, composed of 41% queñual litter (H), 38% Eucalyptus globulus litter (OH), and 20% other remains (OR).
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales.
Departamento Académico de Manejo Forestal
Keywords
Polylepis; Queñual; Hojarasca; Descomposición
Citation
Date
2025
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