Evaluación de indicadores agroecológicos para diseñar una estrategia que mejore la producción agroforestal en cinco comunidades nativas awajún, San Martín
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Authors
León Chuchón, Mariana Inés
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Abstract
El presente estudio describe las actividades realizadas bajo el cargo de Especialista en Sistemas Agroforestales en la Asociación Ecosistemas Andinos (ECOAN), en el componente productivo del proyecto "Promoción y diversificación de actividades económicas sostenibles en las comunidades awajún del Alto Mayo", gestionado por Conservación Internacional Perú (CI). Los equipos técnicos de CI y ECOAN identificaron la necesidad de fortalecer las prácticas agroecológicas en los sistemas agroforestales de café. Se evaluaron 85 parcelas de café en cinco comunidades nativas awajún del Alto Mayo, San Martín, Perú, con el objetivo de determinar el grado de transición agroecológica alcanzado. A través de un enfoque cualitativo y descriptivo, se aplicó una ficha de evaluación que abordó indicadores agroecológicos clave como: calidad de suelo, manejo ecológico del suelo, salud de los cultivos, biodiversidad, conocimientos de prácticas agroecológicas, productos comercializados de la parcela, nivel de ingresos de los productores y producción propia de insumos. Esto se complementó con la recopilación de datos sociodemográficos de cada productor, el registró la incidencia global de plagas y enfermedades por parcela y la actualización de datos de productividad de café hasta el año 2023. Los resultados mostraron que Morroyacu, Alto Mayo y Alto Naranjillo se encuentran en la etapa intermedia de transición agroecológica (avances del 40-43%), mientras que Shampuyacu y Yarau están en la etapa inicial (avances inferiores al 40%). En base a estos resultados y considerando los planes de vida de cada comunidad, se diseñaron lineamientos estratégicos adaptados a las características y necesidades locales, proponiendo un enfoque a corto plazo para los arrendatarios y a mediano y largo plazo para los comuneros awajún. El estudio destaca la importancia de fortalecer las capacidades locales y reducir la dependencia de insumos externos para garantizar una transición agroecológica efectiva.
This study describes the activities carried out under the position of Agroforestry Systems Specialist at the Asociación Ecosistemas Andinos (ECOAN), in the productive component of the project "Promotion and diversification of sustainable economic activities in the awajún communities of Alto Mayo," managed by Conservation International Peru (CI). The technical teams of CI and ECOAN identified the need to strengthen agroecological practices in coffee agroforestry systems. A total of 85 coffee plots were evaluated in five native Awajún communities in Alto Mayo, San Martín, Peru, with the aim of determining the degree of agroecological transition achieved. Through a qualitative and descriptive approach, an evaluation form was applied that addressed key agroecological indicators such as: soil quality, ecological soil management, crop health, biodiversity, knowledge of agroecological practices, products marketed from the plot, producers' income level, and self-production of inputs. This was complemented by collecting sociodemographic data from each producer, recording the global incidence of pests and diseases per plot, and updating coffee productivity data through 2023. The results showed that Morroyacu, Alto Mayo, and Alto Naranjillo are in the intermediate stage of agroecological transition (with progress of 40-43%), while Shampuyacu and Yarau are in the initial stage (with progress below 40%). Based on these results and considering the life plans of each community, strategic guidelines were developed, tailored to local characteristics and needs, proposing a short-term approach for tenants and a medium to long-term approach for awajún community members. The study highlights the importance of strengthening local capacities and reducing dependence on external inputs to ensure a sustainable agroecological transition.
This study describes the activities carried out under the position of Agroforestry Systems Specialist at the Asociación Ecosistemas Andinos (ECOAN), in the productive component of the project "Promotion and diversification of sustainable economic activities in the awajún communities of Alto Mayo," managed by Conservation International Peru (CI). The technical teams of CI and ECOAN identified the need to strengthen agroecological practices in coffee agroforestry systems. A total of 85 coffee plots were evaluated in five native Awajún communities in Alto Mayo, San Martín, Peru, with the aim of determining the degree of agroecological transition achieved. Through a qualitative and descriptive approach, an evaluation form was applied that addressed key agroecological indicators such as: soil quality, ecological soil management, crop health, biodiversity, knowledge of agroecological practices, products marketed from the plot, producers' income level, and self-production of inputs. This was complemented by collecting sociodemographic data from each producer, recording the global incidence of pests and diseases per plot, and updating coffee productivity data through 2023. The results showed that Morroyacu, Alto Mayo, and Alto Naranjillo are in the intermediate stage of agroecological transition (with progress of 40-43%), while Shampuyacu and Yarau are in the initial stage (with progress below 40%). Based on these results and considering the life plans of each community, strategic guidelines were developed, tailored to local characteristics and needs, proposing a short-term approach for tenants and a medium to long-term approach for awajún community members. The study highlights the importance of strengthening local capacities and reducing dependence on external inputs to ensure a sustainable agroecological transition.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales.
Departamento Académico de Manejo Forestal
Keywords
Sistemas agroforestales
Citation
Date
2025
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