Rentabilidad y creación de valor económico en empresas agroexportadoras de productos no tradicionales, periodo 2015 - 2019
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Authors
León Guzmán, Rogelio
Abstract
Entre los años 2015 y 2019, el Perú registró un crecimiento sostenido en sus agroexportaciones no tradicionales. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar y caracterizar qué tipo de empresas, fueron capaces de alcanzar los mejores resultados de rentabilidad y creación de valor económico para los periodos 2015 - 2019. Para ello, se analizaron los estados financieros de 44 empresas, que representan el 52 por ciento del valor exportado de los cinco principales productos frescos no tradicionales del Perú (uvas, paltas, arándano, espárrago y mango). Estas empresas fueron clasificadas según tamaño en empresas corporativas, gran empresa y mediana empresa. Los resultados muestran que, la tasa de crecimiento anual en activos fue similar en los tres tipos de empresa; sin embargo, la mediana empresa se apalancó con menor deuda financiera, posiblemente por limitaciones en acceso a financiamiento. Por otro lado, los tres tipos de empresa generaron rentabilidad positiva, siendo las empresas corporativas las que lideraron los resultados en margen EBITDA (promedio: 26.86 por ciento), y la mediana empresa en ROA (promedio: 15.57 por ciento). Respecto al EVA, los tres tipos de empresa registraron un valor cercano a cero, sin diferencias estadísticas significativas, por lo que se concluye que, para el periodo analizado, la rentabilidad sobre el capital invertido ha sido capaz de cubrir el costo del capital, pero no ha generado excedentes adicionales y, por tanto, no ha añadido valor económico. Activos sin uso como tierras agrícolas y plantacionesjóvenes que aún no alcanzan su potencial productivo,son algunas de las razones que explican los resultados, por lo que, con la maduración progresiva de estas plantaciones, se espera mejora en estos indicadores para los próximos años.
Between 2015 and 2019, Peru registered sustained growth in its non-traditional agricultural exports. The objective of this research was to identify and characterize what type of companies were able to achieve the best results of profitability and creation of economic value for the periods 2015 - 2019. For this, the financial statements of 44 companies were analyzed, which represent the 52 percent of the exported value of the five main non-traditional fresh products from Peru (grapes, avocados, blueberries, asparagus and mango). These companies were classified according to size into corporate companies, large companies and medium-sized companies. The results show that the annual growth rate in assets was similar in the three types of company; however, the medium-sized company was leveraged with less financial debt, possibly due to limitations in access to financing. On the other hand, the three types of company generated positive profitability, with corporate companies leading the results in EBITDA margin (average: 26.86 percent), and medium-sized companies in ROA (average: 15.57 percent). Regarding the EVA, the three types of company registered a value close to zero, without significant statistical differences, so it is concluded that, for the period analyzed, the return on invested capital has been able to cover the cost of capital, but it has not generated additional surpluses and, therefore, has not added economic value. Unused assets such as agricultural land and young plantations that have not yet reached their productive potential are some of the reasons that explain the results, therefore, with the progressive maturation of these plantations, an improvement in these indicators is expected for the coming years.
Between 2015 and 2019, Peru registered sustained growth in its non-traditional agricultural exports. The objective of this research was to identify and characterize what type of companies were able to achieve the best results of profitability and creation of economic value for the periods 2015 - 2019. For this, the financial statements of 44 companies were analyzed, which represent the 52 percent of the exported value of the five main non-traditional fresh products from Peru (grapes, avocados, blueberries, asparagus and mango). These companies were classified according to size into corporate companies, large companies and medium-sized companies. The results show that the annual growth rate in assets was similar in the three types of company; however, the medium-sized company was leveraged with less financial debt, possibly due to limitations in access to financing. On the other hand, the three types of company generated positive profitability, with corporate companies leading the results in EBITDA margin (average: 26.86 percent), and medium-sized companies in ROA (average: 15.57 percent). Regarding the EVA, the three types of company registered a value close to zero, without significant statistical differences, so it is concluded that, for the period analyzed, the return on invested capital has been able to cover the cost of capital, but it has not generated additional surpluses and, therefore, has not added economic value. Unused assets such as agricultural land and young plantations that have not yet reached their productive potential are some of the reasons that explain the results, therefore, with the progressive maturation of these plantations, an improvement in these indicators is expected for the coming years.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Agronegocios
Keywords
Empresas; Empresas agroexportadoras; Productos no tradicionales; Rentabilidad; Valor económico
Citation
Date
2022
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