Digestibilidad y excreción de fósforo al incluir torta de soya fermentada en dietas para juveniles de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
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Authors
Verde Cayllahua, Henry Aquilino
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Abstract
Se evaluó la digestibilidad aparente del fósforo en dietas para juveniles de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) con sustitución total de torta de soya por torta de soya fermentada, cuantificando la excreción y el balance de fósforo en el sistema experimental. La evaluación resulta fundamental dado que el fósforo en los efluentes acuícolas constituye un factor crítico de eutrofización. Se establecieron dos tratamientos con tres réplicas cada uno: dieta con inclusión de torta de soya (DTS) y dieta con inclusión de torta de soya fermentada (DTSF). La fermentación se realizó con levadura comercial y bacterias acidificantes. El experimento tuvo una duración de 28 días empleando seis acuarios de 50 litros con una carga inicial de 9,53 ± 0,04 kg/m3, manteniendo los parámetros óptimos de calidad de agua. Los coeficientes de digestibilidad aparente del fósforo fueron 41,42 ± 1,41% (DTS) y 50,10 ± 1,79% (DTSF), evidenciando mejor utilización del fósforo en la dieta con torta de soya fermentada. Además, el fósforo disponible en la torta de soya fermentada fue 0,45%. La tasa de excreción de fósforo (TEP, expresada en g P/kg alimento/día) se evaluó mediante muestreos cada tres horas durante 24 h en dos fases del cultivo. Se registró una mayor excreción en la fase inicial (peces de 40g: 5,47 ± 0,91 g P/kg alimento/día en DTS; 7,52 ± 0,83 g P/kg alimento/día en DTSF) comparada con la fase final (55g). El balance de fósforo evidenció que la fermentación incrementó la retención en biomasa en 5,87 ± 2,29 puntos porcentuales, redujo el contenido en heces en 4,18 ± 2,03 puntos porcentuales y aumentó la liberación de fósforo de ortofosfatos en efluentes en 1,84 ± 0,39 puntos porcentuales, cambios atribuibles a la hidrólisis enzimática del fitato que mejoró la biodisponibilidad del fósforo.
The apparent digestibility of phosphorus in diets for juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was evaluated by completely replacing soybean meal with fermented soybean meal, quantifying phosphorus excretion and balance in the experimental system. This evaluation is essential given that phosphorus in aquaculture effluents is a critical factor in eutrophication. Two treatments were established with three replicates each: diet with soybean meal (DTS) and diet with fermented soybean meal (DTSF). Fermentation was carried out with commercial yeast and acidifying bacteria. The experiment lasted 28 days using six 50-liter aquariums with an initial load of 9,53 ± 0,04 kg/m3, maintaining optimal water quality parameters. The apparent phosphorus digestibility coefficients were 41,42 ± 1,41% (DTS) and 50,10 ± 1,79% (DTSF), showing better phosphorus utilization in the diet with fermented soybean meal. In addition, the phosphorus available in fermented soybean meal was 0.45%. The phosphorus excretion rate (PER, expressed in g P/kg feed consumed/day) was assessed by sampling every three hours for 24 hours in two phases of the culture. Higher excretion was recorded in the initial phase (40 g fish: 5,47 ± 0,91 g P/kg feed/day in DTS; 7,52 ± 0,83 g P/kg feed/day in DTSF) compared to the final phase (55 g fish). The phosphorus balance showed that fermentation increased retention in biomass by 5,87 ± 2,29 percentage points, reduced the content in feces by 4,18 ± 2,03 percentage points, and increased the release of phosphorus from orthophosphates in effluents by 1,84 ± 0,39 percentage points, changes attributable to enzymatic hydrolysis of phytate, which improved phosphorus bioavailability.
The apparent digestibility of phosphorus in diets for juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was evaluated by completely replacing soybean meal with fermented soybean meal, quantifying phosphorus excretion and balance in the experimental system. This evaluation is essential given that phosphorus in aquaculture effluents is a critical factor in eutrophication. Two treatments were established with three replicates each: diet with soybean meal (DTS) and diet with fermented soybean meal (DTSF). Fermentation was carried out with commercial yeast and acidifying bacteria. The experiment lasted 28 days using six 50-liter aquariums with an initial load of 9,53 ± 0,04 kg/m3, maintaining optimal water quality parameters. The apparent phosphorus digestibility coefficients were 41,42 ± 1,41% (DTS) and 50,10 ± 1,79% (DTSF), showing better phosphorus utilization in the diet with fermented soybean meal. In addition, the phosphorus available in fermented soybean meal was 0.45%. The phosphorus excretion rate (PER, expressed in g P/kg feed consumed/day) was assessed by sampling every three hours for 24 hours in two phases of the culture. Higher excretion was recorded in the initial phase (40 g fish: 5,47 ± 0,91 g P/kg feed/day in DTS; 7,52 ± 0,83 g P/kg feed/day in DTSF) compared to the final phase (55 g fish). The phosphorus balance showed that fermentation increased retention in biomass by 5,87 ± 2,29 percentage points, reduced the content in feces by 4,18 ± 2,03 percentage points, and increased the release of phosphorus from orthophosphates in effluents by 1,84 ± 0,39 percentage points, changes attributable to enzymatic hydrolysis of phytate, which improved phosphorus bioavailability.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Pesquería. Departamento
Académico de Acuicultura e Industrias Pesqueras
Keywords
Acuicultura; Fosforo; Evaluación; Formas juveniles; Ganancia de peso; Tortas de soya
Citation
Date
2025
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