Efecto de dos inoculantes de micorrizas en el rendimiento del cultivo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) en condiciones controladas
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Authors
Aguilar Diestra, Frank Israel
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Abstract
El presente trabajo experimental realizado en el laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana y Biotecnología, tuvo como objetivo principal evaluar el crecimiento y desarrollo del cultivo de tomate mediante el uso de inoculantes micorrícicos bajo condiciones controladas. Los diferentes ensayos se agruparon en 3 líneas fundamentales. La primera línea consistió en la propagación de micorrizas de costa-Ica (I1) y micorrizas de selva-Ucayali (I2) en dos especies de plantas trampa: sorgo y Brachiaria durante un periodo de 5 meses. A partir de los nuevos inóculos, se realizó el aislamiento de las esporas micorrícicas y su posterior clasificación en morfotipos, considerando su forma, tamaño y color. La Segunda línea de trabajo fue el ensayo del número más probable (NMP) de ambos inóculos por un periodo de 4 semanas, donde se cuantificó la cantidad de propágulos infectivos de micorrizas presentes en 100 g de inóculo. Éste ensayo incluyó 4 tratamientos: I1, I1+biochar, I2 y I2 + biochar. Finalmente, la tercera línea de trabajo fue un ensayo de productividad en plantas de tomate var. Rio Grande, compuesto por un testigo y 4 tratamientos: I1, I1 + biochar, I2 y I2 + biochar, donde la enmienda de biochar se utilizó como soporte biológico. Los resultados indican mayor diversidad de micorrizas en el inóculo de selva con 8 morfotipos frente al inóculo costa que presentó 6 morfotipos. Los análisis estadísticos de los propágulos infectivos muestran que las micorrizas de selva en un soporte de biochar presenta una tendencia a tener mayor cantidad de propágulos (7135 propágulos/100g de inóculo), seguido por el inóculo de costa suplementado con biochar, que presentó 5407 propágulos/100g de inóculo. En cuanto al crecimiento vegetativo, rendimiento y calidad de fruto se observó que existe diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos y el testigo, observándose que las plantas inoculadas con micorrizas de selva con biochar como soporte, tuvieron los mejores resultado frente a los demás tratamientos.
This experimental study, conducted in the Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology Laboratory, aimed to evaluate the growth and development of tomato crops through the use of mycorrhizal inoculants under controlled conditions. The different tests were grouped into three main lines of work. The first line involved the propagation of coastal mycorrhizae from Ica (I1) and jungle mycorrhizae from Ucayali (I2) using two trap plant species: sorghum and Brachiaria, over a period of five months. From the newly produced inocula, mycorrhizal spores were isolated and subsequently classified into morphotypes based on their shape, size, and color. The second line of work was the Most Probable Number (MPN) assay for both inocula over a period of four weeks, in which the number of infective mycorrhizal propagules present in 100 g of inoculum was quantified. This assay included four treatments: I1, I1 + biochar, I2, and I2 + biochar. Finally, the third line of work consisted of a productivity assay in tomato plants (cv. Rio Grande), which included a control and four treatments: I1, I1 + biochar, I2, and I2 + biochar, where biochar was used as a biological carrier. The results showed greater mycorrhizal diversity in the jungle inoculum, with 8 morphotypes compared to the coastal inoculum, which presented 6 morphotypes. Statistical analyses of infective propagules indicated that the jungle mycorrhizae with biochar support tended to have a higher number of propagules (7135 propagules/100 g of inoculum), followed by the coastal inoculum with biochar, which showed 5407 propagules/100 g of inoculum. Regarding vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality, significant differences were observed between the treatments and the control, with the best results recorded in plants inoculated with jungle mycorrhizae using biochar as a carrier.
This experimental study, conducted in the Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology Laboratory, aimed to evaluate the growth and development of tomato crops through the use of mycorrhizal inoculants under controlled conditions. The different tests were grouped into three main lines of work. The first line involved the propagation of coastal mycorrhizae from Ica (I1) and jungle mycorrhizae from Ucayali (I2) using two trap plant species: sorghum and Brachiaria, over a period of five months. From the newly produced inocula, mycorrhizal spores were isolated and subsequently classified into morphotypes based on their shape, size, and color. The second line of work was the Most Probable Number (MPN) assay for both inocula over a period of four weeks, in which the number of infective mycorrhizal propagules present in 100 g of inoculum was quantified. This assay included four treatments: I1, I1 + biochar, I2, and I2 + biochar. Finally, the third line of work consisted of a productivity assay in tomato plants (cv. Rio Grande), which included a control and four treatments: I1, I1 + biochar, I2, and I2 + biochar, where biochar was used as a biological carrier. The results showed greater mycorrhizal diversity in the jungle inoculum, with 8 morphotypes compared to the coastal inoculum, which presented 6 morphotypes. Statistical analyses of infective propagules indicated that the jungle mycorrhizae with biochar support tended to have a higher number of propagules (7135 propagules/100 g of inoculum), followed by the coastal inoculum with biochar, which showed 5407 propagules/100 g of inoculum. Regarding vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality, significant differences were observed between the treatments and the control, with the best results recorded in plants inoculated with jungle mycorrhizae using biochar as a carrier.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento
Académico de Biología
Keywords
Micorrizas
Citation
Date
2026
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