Evaluación de almidones de cañihua y quinua esterificados con anhídrido octenil succínico (OSA) como sustitutos grasos en emulsiones tipo mayonesa
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Authors
Villalobos Fernandez, Lucero Milagros
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Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los almidones nativos de cañihua (AC) y quinua (AQ), y modificadas mediante esterificación con anhídrido octenil succínico (OSA), como sustitutos grasos en una emulsión tipo mayonesa. Para ello, se aisló el almidón utilizando el método acuoso, que incluyó un lavado con solución de NaOH al 0.25 %, neutralización y enjuagues con agua. Posteriormente, se modificaron los almidones con un 3 % de OSA. Todos los almidones, fueron caracterizados fisicoquímica y tecnofuncionalmente. Luego, se evaluaron en forma de gel (6 % de almidón) como emulsionantes en mayonesas, reemplazando parcialmente el contenido de aceite en cinco niveles, entre el 50 % y 75 %, comparándose con una muestra control (0 % de almidón) y con algunas mayonesas light comerciales. Las emulsiones fueron caracterizadas midiendo el pH, textura, color, tamaño de gota (D(4,3)) e índice de polidispersión (PDI). El grado de sustitución (DS) del almidón de cañihua modificado (AC-OSA) fue de 0.0191, mientras quinua modificada (AQ-OSA) fue de 0.0179. El contenido de amilosa en AC disminuyó de 12.60 % a 10.51 %, y en AQ de 10.12 % a 8.89 % tras la modificación. Asimismo, se observó un aumento en el poder de hinchamiento, la claridad de geles y la capacidad de absorción de aceite; mientras que la sinéresis solo se manifestó al día 7. La espectroscopía infrarroja confirmó la esterificación al presentar dos picos adicionales en 1563 y 1722 cm⁻¹. En cuanto a las emulsiones, al aumentar el nivel de sustitución, se incrementó la luminosidad y se redujo la dureza. El tamaño de las gotas disminuyó significativamente, aunque las formulaciones con almidones nativos presentaron gotas de mayor tamaño (p < 0.05) en comparación con las que contenían almidones modificados. Finalmente, se realizó un gráfico radial para representar las multivariables de textura normalizada y determinar la emulsión sustituida con más semejanza a la mayonesa comercial Alacena light. Además, se calculó la distancia euclidiana para corroborar que emulsión sustituida presentaba mayor cercanía de atributos a la mayonesa comercial escogida. Lográndose identificar que la emulsión con cañihua modificada presenta mejores similitudes de característica de adhesividad, cohesividad y dureza con la Alacena Ligh
The objective of this study was to evaluate native starches from cañihua (CA) and quinoa (AQ), modified by esterification with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA), as fat substitutesin a mayonnaise-type emulsion. To achieve this, the starch was isolated using the aqueous method, which included washing with 0.25% NaOH solution, neutralization, and rinsing with water. Subsequently, the starches were modified with 3% OSA. All starches were physicochemically and functionally characterized. Then, they were evaluated in gel form (6% starch) as emulsifiers in mayonnaise, partially replacing the oil content at five levels, between 50% and 75%, and compared with a control sample (0% starch) and with some commercial light mayonnaises. The emulsions were characterized by measuring pH, texture, color, droplet size (D(4,3)), and polydispersity index (PDI). The degree of substitution (DS) of modified cañihua starch (AC-OSA) was 0.0191, while that of modified quinoa (AQ-OSA) was 0.0179. The amylose content in AC decreased from 12.60% to 10.51%, and in AQ from 10.12% to 8.89% after modification. Increases in swelling power, gel clarity, and oil absorption capacity were also observed; however, syneresis only became apparent on day 7. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed esterification by presenting two additional peaks at 1563 and 1722 cm⁻¹. As for the emulsions, increasing the level of substitution increased luminosity and decreased hardness. The droplet size decreased significantly, although formulations with native starches presented larger droplets (p < 0.05) compared to those containing modified starches. Finally, a radial graph was created to represent the normalized texture multivariate and determine the substituted emulsion most similar to the commercial Alacena Light mayonnaise. In addition, the Euclidean distance was calculated to corroborate which substituted emulsion presented greater similarity in attributes to the chosen commercial mayonnaise. It was possible to identify that the emulsion with modified cañihua presents greater similarities in adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and hardness characteristics with Alacena Light.
The objective of this study was to evaluate native starches from cañihua (CA) and quinoa (AQ), modified by esterification with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA), as fat substitutesin a mayonnaise-type emulsion. To achieve this, the starch was isolated using the aqueous method, which included washing with 0.25% NaOH solution, neutralization, and rinsing with water. Subsequently, the starches were modified with 3% OSA. All starches were physicochemically and functionally characterized. Then, they were evaluated in gel form (6% starch) as emulsifiers in mayonnaise, partially replacing the oil content at five levels, between 50% and 75%, and compared with a control sample (0% starch) and with some commercial light mayonnaises. The emulsions were characterized by measuring pH, texture, color, droplet size (D(4,3)), and polydispersity index (PDI). The degree of substitution (DS) of modified cañihua starch (AC-OSA) was 0.0191, while that of modified quinoa (AQ-OSA) was 0.0179. The amylose content in AC decreased from 12.60% to 10.51%, and in AQ from 10.12% to 8.89% after modification. Increases in swelling power, gel clarity, and oil absorption capacity were also observed; however, syneresis only became apparent on day 7. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed esterification by presenting two additional peaks at 1563 and 1722 cm⁻¹. As for the emulsions, increasing the level of substitution increased luminosity and decreased hardness. The droplet size decreased significantly, although formulations with native starches presented larger droplets (p < 0.05) compared to those containing modified starches. Finally, a radial graph was created to represent the normalized texture multivariate and determine the substituted emulsion most similar to the commercial Alacena Light mayonnaise. In addition, the Euclidean distance was calculated to corroborate which substituted emulsion presented greater similarity in attributes to the chosen commercial mayonnaise. It was possible to identify that the emulsion with modified cañihua presents greater similarities in adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and hardness characteristics with Alacena Light.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias. Departamento Académico de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios
Keywords
Propiedades emulsificantes
Citation
Date
2025
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