Sustentabilidad de fincas productoras de mango Kent (Mangifera indica L.) en el valle de Yaután, provincia de Casma, Ancash, Perú
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Autores
Palomo Herrera, Angel Alfonso
Resumen
El valle de Yaután alberga la mayor cantidad de productores (1,605) de mango “Kent” en la provincia de Casma, la cual se constituye una de las principales zonas productoras de mango de exportación a nivel nacional. Los objetivos de la investigación fueron identificar lasprincipales enfermedades poscosecha del mango, así como caracterizar los predios y productores, y evaluar la sustentabilidad de los predios productores de mango “Kent” en el valle y distrito de Yaután. Se realizaron visitas a predios de mango, observándose y estimándose daños a la fruta cosechada, además se tomaron muestras de frutos para análisis fitopatológicos, y de suelo para análisis nematológicos y de caracterización de la fertilidad; además se realizaron encuestas estructuradas a 139 productores para obtener información en el ámbito social, económico y ambiental. La mosca de la fruta, los daños de trips y oidiosis en floración y fructificación expresados a la cosecha, las queresas y cochinillas, así como la “lenticelosis” de frutos, constituyeron los principales problemas sanitarios. El análisis de la dimensión social muestra predominantemente hombres propietarios titulados de sus predios, con educación secundaria completa, mayores de 50 años, con casa propia, hecha de adobe ubicada generalmente en el mismo predio y con principales servicios básicos de agua y luzdisponibles, además acceden principalmente a servicios médicos en el pueblo de Yaután. El análisis de la dimensión económica muestra generalmente predios menores a 2.5 hectáreas, sembrándose varios cultivos además de mango. La edad de plantación predomina entre los 11 a 15 años, con rendimientos promedios de 11,543 Kg./ha. y costos productivos de S/. 5,261 /ha. El análisis ambiental muestra otras variedades de mango (Edward, Haden, Criollo, etc.) siendo la variedad “Kent” sembrada por todos y la de mayor área en los predios. El riego es principalmente gravedad, y la principal preocupación del productor son las plagasy enfermedades expresado en el elevado costo y número de fumigaciones realizadas en floración, crecimiento de frutos y previo a la cosecha. Los indicadores de sustentabilidadeconómico y social muestran valores mayores a 2 siendo sustentables, mientras que el indicador ambiental muestra valores menores a 2 siendo no sustentables el indicador y los predios productores de mango. Finalmente, las plagas y enfermedades expresados a la cosecha afectan notablemente el rendimiento exportable, siendo el punto crítico a resolver para lograr un mejor acceso al mercado de exportación.
Yaután Valley is home to the largest number of "Kent" mango producers (1,605) in Casma province, which is one of the main mango-producing regions for export at the national level. The aim of research were to identify the main post-harvest diseases of mango, characterize the farms and producers, and evaluate the sustainability of the "Kent" mango-producing farms in Yaután valley and district. Visits to mango farms were conducted, with observations and estimations of damage to the harvested fruit. Fruit samples were also taken for phytopathological analysis, as well as soil samples for nematological analysis and fertility characterization. Additionally, structured surveys were conducted with 139 producers to gather information on social, economic, and environmental aspects. Fruit flies, damage from thrips and powdery mildew during flowering and fruiting leading to harvest, scales and mealybugs, as well as "lenticelosis" in fruits, were the main health problems on fruits. The analysis of social dimension predominantly showed male landowners with full secondary education, over 50 years old, owning their own adobe houses generally located on the same property, and having access to basic services like water and electricity. They mainly access medical services in Yaután town. The economic dimension analysis generally revealed farms smaller than 2.5 hectares, with various crops planted alongside mango. The predominant age of mango trees ranged from 11 to 15 years, with average yields of 11,543 kg/ha and production costs of S/ 5,261/ha. The environmental analysis showed the presence of other mango varieties (Edward, Haden, Criollo, etc.), with "Kent" being the variety planted by everyone and occupying the largest area in the farms. Gravity irrigation was the most common method, and the main concern of the producers was pests and diseases, which resulted in high costs and the need for numerous pesticide applications during flowering, fruit growth, and pre-harvest. Economic and social sustainability indicators showed values greater than 2, indicating sustainability, while the environmental indicator showed values less than 2, making environmental indicator and the farms producing Kent mangoes were not sustainable. Finally, pests and diseases at harvest significantly affected exportable yields, posing a critical issue that needs to be addressed to gain better access to the export market.
Yaután Valley is home to the largest number of "Kent" mango producers (1,605) in Casma province, which is one of the main mango-producing regions for export at the national level. The aim of research were to identify the main post-harvest diseases of mango, characterize the farms and producers, and evaluate the sustainability of the "Kent" mango-producing farms in Yaután valley and district. Visits to mango farms were conducted, with observations and estimations of damage to the harvested fruit. Fruit samples were also taken for phytopathological analysis, as well as soil samples for nematological analysis and fertility characterization. Additionally, structured surveys were conducted with 139 producers to gather information on social, economic, and environmental aspects. Fruit flies, damage from thrips and powdery mildew during flowering and fruiting leading to harvest, scales and mealybugs, as well as "lenticelosis" in fruits, were the main health problems on fruits. The analysis of social dimension predominantly showed male landowners with full secondary education, over 50 years old, owning their own adobe houses generally located on the same property, and having access to basic services like water and electricity. They mainly access medical services in Yaután town. The economic dimension analysis generally revealed farms smaller than 2.5 hectares, with various crops planted alongside mango. The predominant age of mango trees ranged from 11 to 15 years, with average yields of 11,543 kg/ha and production costs of S/ 5,261/ha. The environmental analysis showed the presence of other mango varieties (Edward, Haden, Criollo, etc.), with "Kent" being the variety planted by everyone and occupying the largest area in the farms. Gravity irrigation was the most common method, and the main concern of the producers was pests and diseases, which resulted in high costs and the need for numerous pesticide applications during flowering, fruit growth, and pre-harvest. Economic and social sustainability indicators showed values greater than 2, indicating sustainability, while the environmental indicator showed values less than 2, making environmental indicator and the farms producing Kent mangoes were not sustainable. Finally, pests and diseases at harvest significantly affected exportable yields, posing a critical issue that needs to be addressed to gain better access to the export market.
Descripción
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Agricultura Sustentable
Palabras clave
Mango
Citación
Fecha
2023
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Licencia de uso
Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess