Análisis de las precipitaciones diarias en el perfil de la costa norte de Ecuador utilizando el modelo Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)
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Authors
Soto Méndez, Arturo Teodoro
Abstract
Este trabajo de investigación se enfocó en analizar la precipitación diaria, y la precipitación mensual máxima en 24 horas usando el modelo Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) en el perfil costero norte de Ecuador. Para lo cual, se realizó tres simulaciones numéricas experimentales y una de control, para los meses de febrero y agosto del 2015, 2017 y 2021 mediante anidamientos de los dominios 27, 9 y 3 km. Luego se realizó la validación entre los datos simulados y observados, usando dos (2) estaciones meteorológicas convencionales del Instituto Oceanográfico y Antártico de la Armada (INOCAR) ubicadas en el perfil costero norte, los estadísticos cuantitativos utilizados en esta investigación permitieron determinar que, el modelo utilizando los experimentos II, I y III, presenten valores cercanos a la precipitación diaria observada durante los meses de febrero y agosto del año 2015 (cálido), 2017 (neutral) y 2021 (frío), así mismo los atributos escalares de la tabla de contingencia de 2x2, permitieron determinar que el modelo pronostica los eventos de precipitación máxima en 24 horas. Finalmente, se analizó la configuración meteorológica de los eventos de precipitación máxima de 24 horas donde se determinó que su génesis se debe a la presencia de una baja presión al sur de la costa colombiana en el nivel de 850 hPa, la cual transporta núcleos convectivos hacia la costa norte ecuatoriana, y dichos núcleos se retroalimentan con la humedad transportada por el flujo del viento del Este en la capa de 300 hPa a 800 hPa, a esto se le suma la vorticidad ciclónica en el nivel medio, la cual promueve el ascenso de las masas de aire calidad y humedad hacia niveles superiores donde predomina la contante divergencia y difluencia, lo que permite una convección profunda y por ende fuertes precipitaciones.
This research work focused on analyzing the daily precipitation, and the maximum monthly precipitation in 24 hours using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in the northern coastal profile of Ecuador. For this purpose, three experimental numerical simulations and one control simulation were carried out for the months of February and August 2015, 2017 and 2021 through nesting of the domains 27, 9 and 3 km. Then the validation was carried out between the simulated and observed data, using two (2) conventional meteorological stations of the Oceanographic and Antarctic Institute of the Navy (INOCAR) located in the northern coastal profile, the quantitative statistics used in this research allowed us to determine that, the model using experiments II, I and III, present values close to the daily precipitation observed during the months of February and August of 2015 (warm), 2017 (neutral) and 2021 (cold), as well as the scalar attributes of the table of 2x2 contingency, allowed us to determine that the model predicts the maximum precipitation events in 24 hours. Finally, the meteorological configuration of the maximum 24-hour precipitation events was analyzed, where it was determined that their genesis is due to the presence of low pressure south of the Colombian coast at the level of 850 hPa, which transports convective nuclei towards the northern Ecuadorian coast, and these nuclei are fed back with the humidity transported by the flow of the East wind in the layer from 300 hPa to 800 hPa, to this is added the cyclonic vorticity in the middle level, which promotes the rise of quality and humidity air masses towards higher levels where constant divergence and diffluence predominate, allowing deep convection and therefore heavy precipitation.
This research work focused on analyzing the daily precipitation, and the maximum monthly precipitation in 24 hours using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in the northern coastal profile of Ecuador. For this purpose, three experimental numerical simulations and one control simulation were carried out for the months of February and August 2015, 2017 and 2021 through nesting of the domains 27, 9 and 3 km. Then the validation was carried out between the simulated and observed data, using two (2) conventional meteorological stations of the Oceanographic and Antarctic Institute of the Navy (INOCAR) located in the northern coastal profile, the quantitative statistics used in this research allowed us to determine that, the model using experiments II, I and III, present values close to the daily precipitation observed during the months of February and August of 2015 (warm), 2017 (neutral) and 2021 (cold), as well as the scalar attributes of the table of 2x2 contingency, allowed us to determine that the model predicts the maximum precipitation events in 24 hours. Finally, the meteorological configuration of the maximum 24-hour precipitation events was analyzed, where it was determined that their genesis is due to the presence of low pressure south of the Colombian coast at the level of 850 hPa, which transports convective nuclei towards the northern Ecuadorian coast, and these nuclei are fed back with the humidity transported by the flow of the East wind in the layer from 300 hPa to 800 hPa, to this is added the cyclonic vorticity in the middle level, which promotes the rise of quality and humidity air masses towards higher levels where constant divergence and diffluence predominate, allowing deep convection and therefore heavy precipitation.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Física y Meteorología
Keywords
Perfil costero
Citation
Date
2024
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