Influencia de la okara de tarwi sonicada sobre las características de calidad tecnológica de panes de molde libres de gluten
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Authors
Huamaní Perales, Claudia Isabel
Abstract
El tarwi es una leguminosa que recientemente ha atraído un creciente interés como fuente de proteínas y grasas. La extracción de proteínas a partir de la harina desgrasada de tarwi genera un residuo insoluble denominado “okara”. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo obtener las okaras de tarwi en sus formas nativa (OK) y sonicada (OKS), y posteriormente aplicarlas en panes de molde libres de gluten para evaluar su influencia en la calidad tecnológica del producto final. Los tratamientos evaluados incluyeron formulaciones con adición de OK y OKS a los niveles de 3 % y 5 %, cada una por separado (OK3, OK5, OKS3 y OKS5), así como, un tratamiento control con goma xantana al 0,5 %. El tratamiento de ultrasonido (20 kHz, 40 % amplitud, pulso 10 s /10 s, 10 min) impactó significativamente en las propiedades fisicoquímicas de la okara de tarwi (composición proximal y carga neta superficial) reflejado a su vez en una mejora de sus propiedades tecnofuncionales (capacidad de absorción de agua y aceite, propiedades emulsionantes y capacidad de hinchamiento). Los panes con okara de tarwi sostuvieron estructuras estables en la miga, con distinta capacidad de extensibilidad para retener las burbujas de gas según el tratamiento. Las formulaciones OK5 y OKS3 exhibieron las características de calidad panadera más atractivas en términos de volumen específico (1.82 – 1.83 mL/g), estructura alveolar (39.58 – 45.50 alveolos/cm2 ) y propiedades texturales de la miga (masticabilidad disminuida en 9 a 12%). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran el potencial de la okara de tarwi como ingrediente mejorador de la calidad tecnológica de panes sin gluten, y los efectos favorables del ultrasonido en la eficiencia del desempeño de la okara de tarwi, al lograr resultados satisfactorios en el producto estudiado con un menor nivel de adición respecto a su forma nativa (OK). Además, se identificó un umbral máximo de adición de OKS (5%), después del cual sus efectos positivos podrían revertirse por la competencia de agua con los demás ingredientes en la matriz. La relevancia de este estudio radica en el marco de la economía circular y la creciente tendencia a la formulación de alimentos con etiqueta limpia
Tarwi is a legume that has recently attracted increasing interest as a source of protein and fat. Extracting proteins from defatted tarwi flour generates an insoluble residue called “okara”. The aim of this research was to obtain tarwi okara in its native (OK) and sonicated (OKS) forms, and subsequently apply them in the production of gluten-free bread to evaluate their influence on the technological quality characteristics of the final product. The treatments evaluated included formulations with the addition of OK and OKS separately at levels of 3 % and 5 % (OK3, OK5, OKS3 and OKS5), as well as a control treatment with 0,5 % xanthan gum. Ultrasound treatment (20 kHz, 40 % amplitude, pulse 10 s /10 s, 10 min) significantly affected the physicochemical properties of tarwi okara (proximal composition and net surface charge), reflected in turn in an improvement in its techno functional properties (water and oil absorption capacity, emulsifying properties, and swelling capacity). Gluten-free breads with tarwi okara maintained stable structures in the crumb, with different extensibility capacities to retain gas bubbles. Treatments OK5 and OKS3 exhibited the most attractive baking quality characteristics in terms of specific volume (1.82 – 1.83 mL/g), alveolar structure (39.58 – 45.50 number of bubbles/cm2 ) and textural properties of the crumb (chewiness decreased by 9 to 12 %). The results obtained demonstrate the potential of tarwi okara as an ingredient to improve the technological quality of gluten-free breads, and the favourable effects of ultrasound on the efficiency of tarwi okara performance, by achieving satisfactory results in the studied food product with a lower level of addition compared to its native form (OK). Furthermore, a maximum level of OKS addition (5%) was identified, after which its positive effects could be reversed by water competition with the other ingredients in the matrix. The relevance of this study lies in the framework of the circular economy and the growing trend towards the formulation of clean label foods.
Tarwi is a legume that has recently attracted increasing interest as a source of protein and fat. Extracting proteins from defatted tarwi flour generates an insoluble residue called “okara”. The aim of this research was to obtain tarwi okara in its native (OK) and sonicated (OKS) forms, and subsequently apply them in the production of gluten-free bread to evaluate their influence on the technological quality characteristics of the final product. The treatments evaluated included formulations with the addition of OK and OKS separately at levels of 3 % and 5 % (OK3, OK5, OKS3 and OKS5), as well as a control treatment with 0,5 % xanthan gum. Ultrasound treatment (20 kHz, 40 % amplitude, pulse 10 s /10 s, 10 min) significantly affected the physicochemical properties of tarwi okara (proximal composition and net surface charge), reflected in turn in an improvement in its techno functional properties (water and oil absorption capacity, emulsifying properties, and swelling capacity). Gluten-free breads with tarwi okara maintained stable structures in the crumb, with different extensibility capacities to retain gas bubbles. Treatments OK5 and OKS3 exhibited the most attractive baking quality characteristics in terms of specific volume (1.82 – 1.83 mL/g), alveolar structure (39.58 – 45.50 number of bubbles/cm2 ) and textural properties of the crumb (chewiness decreased by 9 to 12 %). The results obtained demonstrate the potential of tarwi okara as an ingredient to improve the technological quality of gluten-free breads, and the favourable effects of ultrasound on the efficiency of tarwi okara performance, by achieving satisfactory results in the studied food product with a lower level of addition compared to its native form (OK). Furthermore, a maximum level of OKS addition (5%) was identified, after which its positive effects could be reversed by water competition with the other ingredients in the matrix. The relevance of this study lies in the framework of the circular economy and the growing trend towards the formulation of clean label foods.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias. Departamento Académico de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios
Keywords
Pan de molde; Pan; Panificación; Tarwi; Valor nutritivo
Citation
Date
2024
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