Identificación de puntos críticos en la implementación de sistemas de siembra y cosecha de agua con fines de recarga hídrica en el distrito de Coyllurqui - Apurímac
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Authors
Santos Reyes, Susan Allison
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Abstract
El presente trabajo sustenta la experiencia profesional de la autora, como técnica profesional de la Unidad Ejecutora Fondo Sierra Azul (UEFSA). Labores que se llevaron a cabo bajo el marco del proyecto “Construcción de captación de agua, en la recarga hídrica en los distritos de Tambobamba, Cotabambas, Coyllurqui, Departamento Apurímac con CUI 2548006”. Orientado principalmente a: construcción de qochas, actividades de forestación e implementación de zanjas de infiltración. Cabe señalar que desde 1960 se presentaron problemas de escasez hídrica en la zona, lo que se acrecento con los años, repercutiendo en las actividades económicas de la zona, especialmente en la agricultura y ganadería. El proyecto se enfocó a recuperar los servicios ecosistémicos de la parte alta de la cuenca del río Apurímac del distrito de Coyllurqui, mediante la forestación y las zanjas de infiltración; técnicas categorizadas como sistemas de siembra y cosecha (SyCA) en el Perú. Se consideró como objetivo principal: evaluar el proceso de implementación de los sistemas de siembra y cosecha de agua del proyecto UEFSA, a fin de identificar puntos críticos y proponer soluciones para su instalación. En relación con los objetivos específicos, se plantearon: i) analizar la información base al documento técnico; ii) caracterizar la instalación de la práctica de forestación y zanjas de infiltración; iii) redactar los informes técnicos posteriores a la ejecución física; y iv) identificar los puntos críticos administrativos, técnicos y sociales que dificultan el buen flujo del proyecto. El proceso metodológico inició con la revisión del documento técnico, seguido por la ejecución de obra en campo y la redacción de informes técnicos posterior a la implementación. Se obtuvieron como resultados: i) instalación de un cerco perimétrico de 1 612,9 m., ii) forestación con 4 026 plantones de queñual (Polylepis incana) instalados en 5,6 ha; y iii) construcción de 9 600 m de zanjas de infiltración; además, se realizaron tres talleres de capacitación con una asistencia promedio de 31 personas entre hombres y mujeres. Se identificaron como principales puntos críticos: cumplimiento de plazos establecidos tanto en obra como en gabinete; falta de incorporación de otras especies forestales como el colle (Buddleja coriacea) o el Aliso (Alnus Jorullensis); ausencia de monitoreos y seguimiento para verificar el estado de las plantaciones, y desarrollo de estrategias más efectivas para garantizar la participación de las comunidades.
This work supports the author's professional experience in the position of technical professional of the Sierra Azul Fund Executive Unit (UEFSA), in the Coyllurqui district of the Apurímac Department. Work carried out under the project the project "Construction of water catchments for water recharge in the districts of Tambobamba, Cotabambas, and Coyllurqui, Apurímac Department, with CUI 2548006." The work carried out was mainly focused on the construction of qochas (watersheds), forestry activities, and the implementation of infiltration ditches. It should be noted that water shortages began in 1960 and have worsened over the years, impacting the area's economic activities, especially agriculture and livestock. The project focused on restoring ecosystem services in the upper reaches of the Apurímac River basin in the Coyllurqui district through afforestation and infiltration ditches, techniques categorized as planting and harvesting systems (SyCA) in Peru. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation process of the UEFSA project's planting and harvesting systems in order to identify critical points and propose solutions for their implementation. The specific objectives were: i) analyze the information base of the technical document; ii) characterize the installation of afforestation and infiltration ditches; iii) draft technical reports following physical execution; and iv) identify critical administrative, technical, and social points that hinder the smooth flow of the project. The methodological process began with a review of the technical document, followed by the execution of fieldwork and the drafting of technical reports following implementation. The following results were obtained: i) installation of a 1,612.9 m perimeter fence; ii) reforestation with 4,026 queñual (Polylepis incana) seedlings planted on 5.6 ha; and iii) construction of 9,600 m of infiltration ditches. In addition, three training workshops were held with an average attendance of 31 people, both men and women. The following were identified as the main critical points: compliance with established deadlines both at the construction site and in the office; failure to incorporate other forest species such as colle (Buddleja coriacea) and alder (Alnus jorullensis); lack of monitoring and follow-up to verify the status of the plantations; and development of more effective strategies to guarantee community participation.
This work supports the author's professional experience in the position of technical professional of the Sierra Azul Fund Executive Unit (UEFSA), in the Coyllurqui district of the Apurímac Department. Work carried out under the project the project "Construction of water catchments for water recharge in the districts of Tambobamba, Cotabambas, and Coyllurqui, Apurímac Department, with CUI 2548006." The work carried out was mainly focused on the construction of qochas (watersheds), forestry activities, and the implementation of infiltration ditches. It should be noted that water shortages began in 1960 and have worsened over the years, impacting the area's economic activities, especially agriculture and livestock. The project focused on restoring ecosystem services in the upper reaches of the Apurímac River basin in the Coyllurqui district through afforestation and infiltration ditches, techniques categorized as planting and harvesting systems (SyCA) in Peru. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation process of the UEFSA project's planting and harvesting systems in order to identify critical points and propose solutions for their implementation. The specific objectives were: i) analyze the information base of the technical document; ii) characterize the installation of afforestation and infiltration ditches; iii) draft technical reports following physical execution; and iv) identify critical administrative, technical, and social points that hinder the smooth flow of the project. The methodological process began with a review of the technical document, followed by the execution of fieldwork and the drafting of technical reports following implementation. The following results were obtained: i) installation of a 1,612.9 m perimeter fence; ii) reforestation with 4,026 queñual (Polylepis incana) seedlings planted on 5.6 ha; and iii) construction of 9,600 m of infiltration ditches. In addition, three training workshops were held with an average attendance of 31 people, both men and women. The following were identified as the main critical points: compliance with established deadlines both at the construction site and in the office; failure to incorporate other forest species such as colle (Buddleja coriacea) and alder (Alnus jorullensis); lack of monitoring and follow-up to verify the status of the plantations; and development of more effective strategies to guarantee community participation.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales.
Departamento Académico de Manejo Forestal
Keywords
Recarga hídrica
Citation
Date
2025
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