Efecto del riego con alternancia de humedecimiento y secado en la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero en arrozales, Lambayeque
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Authors
Echegaray Cabrera, Ida Maria
Abstract
El cultivo de arroz es una de las principales fuentes de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) debido al riego continuamente inundado (CF), el cual demanda grandes volúmenes de agua. Como una alternativa de solución, se ha desarrollado el riego de alternancia de humedecimiento y secado (AWD) como estrategia de ahorro de agua. Este estudio se realizó en la Estación Experimental Agraria (EEA) Vista Florida de la región de Lambayeque ubicada en la costa norte del Perú, donde se analizó el efecto del riego AWD a diferentes profundidades (5, 10 y menor a 20 cm con respecto a la superficie) y un control CF, en las emisiones de metano (CH4), óxido nitroso (N2O) y el rendimiento del cultivo de grano de arroz, variedad INIA 515 – Capoteña. Los tratamientos AWD redujeron las emisiones de CH4 en un rango del 84 al 99 por ciento, pero aumentaron las de N2O en un rango del 66 al 273 por ciento. En términos del Potencial de Calentamiento Global (GWP), el tratamiento AWD10 demostró una reducción del 77 por ciento, afectando solo en un 2 por ciento el rendimiento de grano de arroz, los cuales oscilaron entre 11,85 y 14,01 t ha-1 . Asimismo, este estudio presenta evidencia para la adopción del riego AWD como una estrategia para el uso eficiente de los recursos hídricos y la mitigación de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en los cultivos de arroz en la zona de estudio en comparación con el riego por inundación continua.
The cultivation of rice is one of the main sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to continuously flooded irrigation (CF), which demands large volumes of water. As an alternative solution, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation has been developed as a water-saving strategy. This study was conducted at the Experimental Agricultural Station (EEA) in Vista, Florida, in the Lambayeque region located on the northern coast of Peru. Thus, it was analyzed the effect of AWD irrigation at different depths (5, 10, and less than 20 cm below the surface) compared to CF control on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and rice grain yield, specifically the INIA 515 - Capoteña variety. AWD treatments reduced CH4 emissions by 84 to 99 percent, but increased N2O emissions by 65 to 272 percent. In terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP), the AWD10 treatment demonstrated a 77 percent reduction, affecting only a 2 percent decrease in rice grain yield, which ranged between 11,85 and 14,01 t ha−1 . Likewise, this study provides sufficient evidence for the adoption of AWD irrigation as a strategy for the efficient use of water resources and the mitigation of GHG emissions in rice cultivation in the study area, compared to continuous flooded irrigation.
The cultivation of rice is one of the main sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to continuously flooded irrigation (CF), which demands large volumes of water. As an alternative solution, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation has been developed as a water-saving strategy. This study was conducted at the Experimental Agricultural Station (EEA) in Vista, Florida, in the Lambayeque region located on the northern coast of Peru. Thus, it was analyzed the effect of AWD irrigation at different depths (5, 10, and less than 20 cm below the surface) compared to CF control on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and rice grain yield, specifically the INIA 515 - Capoteña variety. AWD treatments reduced CH4 emissions by 84 to 99 percent, but increased N2O emissions by 65 to 272 percent. In terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP), the AWD10 treatment demonstrated a 77 percent reduction, affecting only a 2 percent decrease in rice grain yield, which ranged between 11,85 and 14,01 t ha−1 . Likewise, this study provides sufficient evidence for the adoption of AWD irrigation as a strategy for the efficient use of water resources and the mitigation of GHG emissions in rice cultivation in the study area, compared to continuous flooded irrigation.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Física y Meteorología
Keywords
Estrés de sequía
Citation
Date
2024
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