Parámetros económico - productivos del alimento extruído y reprocesado en sistema semicerrado y Biofloc para juveniles de Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors
De la Cruz Rivas, Marco Antonio
Abstract
Se evaluaron las dietas extruída (DE) y reprocesada (en adelante denominada peletizada, DP) sobre los parámetros productivos del cultivo de juveniles de tilapia gris Oreochromis niloticus en los sistemas de cultivo biofloc (SBF) y semicerrado (SC). Durante 56 días, juveniles de tilapia gris (25,06±0.73 g y 11,01±0,083 cm de peso y talla promedio respectivamente) fueron estabulados en tanques con 0,35 m3 de volumen útil y alimentados con una dieta de 40 por ciento de proteína bruta. El diseño factorial (2 x 2) incluyó cuatro tratamientos: Sistema semicerrado con dieta extruída (SCDE), sistema biofloc con dieta extruída (SBDE), sistema semicerrado con dieta peletizada (SCDP) y sistema biofloc con dieta peletizada (SBDP). El SC, incluyó renovaciones diarias de agua del 10 hasta el 50 por ciento, mientras que el SBF, donde sólo se adicionó agua por compensación a la evaporación, se manejó con una relación C:N de 15, volumen de floc (VF) de 20 mL.L-1 y la adición de melaza (40 por ciento de carbono). Las dietas se suministraron a una tasa de alimentación diaria de 6 hasta el 3,5 por ciento. El análisis de costo-efectividad parcial (CEP) se calculó en función de los recursos empleados (consumo de la dieta, agua, energía eléctrica para el calentamiento y aireación) y su relación con la biomasa producida (kg.m-3 ). Los resultados no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las tasas específicas de crecimiento de 1,91±0,13; 1,73±010; 1,81±0,06 y 1,81±0,17 %.d-1 e índices de conversión alimenticia de 1,56±0,08; 1,84±0,05; 1,72±0,07 y 1,69±0,23 kg.kg -1 para SCDE, SBDE, SCDP y SBDP respectivamente, aunque SCDE y SBDP alcanzaron los mejores valores. Por su parte, los PCA (NAT, NO2-N, NO3-N y SST) resultaron diferentes y significativos entre sistemas (SCDE y SCDP frente a SBDE y SBDP). El análisis de la CEP a nivel experimental no solo mostró que SBDE y SBDP fueron hasta 24 por ciento más económicos que SCDE y SCDP, sino también que SBDP resultó 7 por ciento más económico que SBDE. El cultivo de juveniles de tilapia mejoró en SBF aun con el uso de la dieta de rápido hundimiento, pero con alta hidroestabilidad como fue el caso de la DP.
The effects of extruded (DE) and pelleted (DP) diets and biofloc (SBF) and semi-closed (SC) systems on the productive parameters (PP), water quality parameters (PCA) and partial cost effectiveness parameters (CEP) of the juvenile tilapia culture (Oreochromis niloticus). During 56 days, gray tilapia juvenile (25,06 ± 0,73 g and 11,01 ± 0,083 cm of weight and length average respectively) were housed in tanks with 0,35 m3 of useful volume and fed with a 40% gross protein diet. The factorial design (2 x 2) included four treatments: semiclosed system with extruded diet (SCDE), biofloc system with extruded diet (SBDE), semiclosed system with pelleted diet (SCDP) and biofloc system with pelleted diet (SBDP). The SC, included daily water renewals of 10 to 50%, while the SBF was handled with a C: N ratio of 15, floc volume (VF) of 20 mL.L-1 and the addition of molasses (40% carbon). The DP was obtained from the reprocessing of the DE, providing them at a daily feeding rate of 6% up to 3.5%. The CEP analysis was calculated based on the resources used (diet and water consumption, electric power for heating and aeration) and its relation to the biomass produced (kg.m-3 ). The results showed no statistically significant differences in the specific growth rates of 1,91 ± 0,13; 1,73 ± 0,10; 1,81 ± 0,06 and 1,81 ± 0,17%.d-1 and feed conversion rates of 1,56 ± 0,08; 1,84 ± 0,05; 1,72 ± 0,07 and 1,69 ± 0,23 kg.kg -1 for SCDE, SBDE, SCDP and SBDP respectively, although SCDE and SBDP reached the best values. On the other hand, the PCAs (NAT, NO2-N, NO3-N and SST) were different and significant between systems (SCDE and SCDP versus SBDE and SBDP). The analysis of the CEP at the experimental level not only showed that SBDE and SBDP were up to 24% cheaper than SCDE and SCDP, but also that SBDP was 7% cheaper than SBDE. The culture of juvenile tilapia improved in SBF even with the use of the diet of rapid subsidence, but with high hydrostability as was the case of DP.
The effects of extruded (DE) and pelleted (DP) diets and biofloc (SBF) and semi-closed (SC) systems on the productive parameters (PP), water quality parameters (PCA) and partial cost effectiveness parameters (CEP) of the juvenile tilapia culture (Oreochromis niloticus). During 56 days, gray tilapia juvenile (25,06 ± 0,73 g and 11,01 ± 0,083 cm of weight and length average respectively) were housed in tanks with 0,35 m3 of useful volume and fed with a 40% gross protein diet. The factorial design (2 x 2) included four treatments: semiclosed system with extruded diet (SCDE), biofloc system with extruded diet (SBDE), semiclosed system with pelleted diet (SCDP) and biofloc system with pelleted diet (SBDP). The SC, included daily water renewals of 10 to 50%, while the SBF was handled with a C: N ratio of 15, floc volume (VF) of 20 mL.L-1 and the addition of molasses (40% carbon). The DP was obtained from the reprocessing of the DE, providing them at a daily feeding rate of 6% up to 3.5%. The CEP analysis was calculated based on the resources used (diet and water consumption, electric power for heating and aeration) and its relation to the biomass produced (kg.m-3 ). The results showed no statistically significant differences in the specific growth rates of 1,91 ± 0,13; 1,73 ± 0,10; 1,81 ± 0,06 and 1,81 ± 0,17%.d-1 and feed conversion rates of 1,56 ± 0,08; 1,84 ± 0,05; 1,72 ± 0,07 and 1,69 ± 0,23 kg.kg -1 for SCDE, SBDE, SCDP and SBDP respectively, although SCDE and SBDP reached the best values. On the other hand, the PCAs (NAT, NO2-N, NO3-N and SST) were different and significant between systems (SCDE and SCDP versus SBDE and SBDP). The analysis of the CEP at the experimental level not only showed that SBDE and SBDP were up to 24% cheaper than SCDE and SCDP, but also that SBDP was 7% cheaper than SBDE. The culture of juvenile tilapia improved in SBF even with the use of the diet of rapid subsidence, but with high hydrostability as was the case of DP.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Acuicultura
Keywords
Oreochromis; Alevines; Tilapia (Género); Alimentos; Parámetros productivos; Perú; Producción; Pescado; Engorde; Dieta; Alimentación de los animales; Ganancia de peso; Evaluación; Acuicultura
Citation
Date
2022
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