Efecto alelopático de hojas frescas de Eucalyptus globulus Labill. en maíz
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Authors
Ruiz Roldan, Jessenia Estefani
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Abstract
La alelopatía se define como la liberación de compuestos químicos por ciertas plantas que influyen en el crecimiento y desarrollo de otras especies. Diversas investigaciones han señalado que Eucalyptus globulus presenta un marcado potencial alelopático, atribuido a compuestos presentes en sus hojas, como aceites esenciales y fenoles, los cuales se incorporan al suelo mediante la descomposición de su biomasa. En el contexto del manejo de malezas, comprender estos efectos resulta clave para explorar alternativas con potencial supresor. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto alelopático de hojas frescas de E. globulus incorporadas al suelo, utilizando al Zea mays como planta indicadora, a fin de inferir posibles implicancias en el control de malezas. El experimento se realizó en el campo experimental del Programa de Investigación en Ornamentales de la UNALM, bajo un diseño completamente al azar con nueve tratamientos: 0 (control), 10, 0.25, 0.38, 0.50, 0.63, 0.75 y 0.88 kg/m², con cuatro repeticiones y dos macetas por repetición. Se evaluaron variables de emergencia (porcentaje, índice de velocidad e índice de tiempo medio), así como número de hojas, altura, biomasa fresca y seca, porcentaje de materia seca, área foliar, índice de respuesta alelopática y contenido de nitrógeno. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en porcentaje de emergencia, IVE, TME, altura y número de hojas durante las primeras evaluaciones, especialmente entre T0, T1 y T8. Sin embargo, a partir de los 17 días después de la siembra no se registraron diferencias significativas en el crecimiento. Tampoco se observaron diferencias estadísticas en la biomasa fresca, seca, materia seca, área foliar, IRA ni porcentaje de nitrógeno foliar.
Allelopathy is defined as the release of chemical compounds by certain plants that influence the growth and development of other species. Several studies have reported that Eucalyptus globulus exhibits a strong allelopathic potential, mainly attributed to compounds present in its leaves, such as essential oils and phenolic compounds, which are incorporated into the soil through biomass decomposition. In the context of weed management, understanding these effects is key to exploring alternatives with suppressive potential. The objective of this study was to determine the allelopathic effect of fresh leaves of E. globulus incorporated into the soil, using Zea mays as an indicator plant, in order to infer possible implications for weed control. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Ornamental Research Program of UNALM, under a completely randomized design with nine treatments: 0 (control), 0.10, 0.25, 0.38, 0.50, 0.63, 0.75, and 0.88 kg/m², with four replications and two pots per replication. Emergence variables (percentage, emergence speed index, and mean emergence time) were evaluated, as well as number of leaves, plant height, fresh and dry biomass, percentage of dry matter, leaf area, allelopathic response index, and nitrogen content. The results showed significant differences in emergence percentage, emergence speed index (ESI), mean emergence time (MET), plant height, and number of leaves during the first evaluations, especially among treatments T0, T1, and T8. However, from 17 days after sowing onward, no significant differences in growth were observed. Likewise, no statistical differences were found in fresh and dry biomass, dry matter percentage, leaf area, allelopathic response index, or foliar nitrogen content.
Allelopathy is defined as the release of chemical compounds by certain plants that influence the growth and development of other species. Several studies have reported that Eucalyptus globulus exhibits a strong allelopathic potential, mainly attributed to compounds present in its leaves, such as essential oils and phenolic compounds, which are incorporated into the soil through biomass decomposition. In the context of weed management, understanding these effects is key to exploring alternatives with suppressive potential. The objective of this study was to determine the allelopathic effect of fresh leaves of E. globulus incorporated into the soil, using Zea mays as an indicator plant, in order to infer possible implications for weed control. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Ornamental Research Program of UNALM, under a completely randomized design with nine treatments: 0 (control), 0.10, 0.25, 0.38, 0.50, 0.63, 0.75, and 0.88 kg/m², with four replications and two pots per replication. Emergence variables (percentage, emergence speed index, and mean emergence time) were evaluated, as well as number of leaves, plant height, fresh and dry biomass, percentage of dry matter, leaf area, allelopathic response index, and nitrogen content. The results showed significant differences in emergence percentage, emergence speed index (ESI), mean emergence time (MET), plant height, and number of leaves during the first evaluations, especially among treatments T0, T1, and T8. However, from 17 days after sowing onward, no significant differences in growth were observed. Likewise, no statistical differences were found in fresh and dry biomass, dry matter percentage, leaf area, allelopathic response index, or foliar nitrogen content.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento
Académico de Fitotecnia
Keywords
Alelopatía; Eucalyptus globulus; Sustancias alelopáticas; Crecimiento de las plantas; Manejo de malezas; Hojas; Suelo
Citation
Date
2026
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

