Obtención y aplicación de almidones modificados por esterificación (OSA) a partir de almidones nativos provenientes de tubérculos andinos
Authors
Velásquez Barreto, Frank Fluker
Abstract
Los tubérculos andinos, en algunos casos utilizados solamente para el autoconsumo de la comunidad que los cultiva, contienen almidón como componente principal, el que ha sido poco estudiado en sus propiedades funcionales. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo obtener y caracterizar almidones nativos y modificados por esterificación OSA (anhídrido octinil succínico) a partir de tubérculos andinos, así como, evaluar algunas aplicaciones de estos almidones como agentes encapsulantes de un extracto fenólico de mashua morada y en la formación de emulsiones aceite-agua. Tubérculos de mashua amarilla, oca amarilla, oca rosada y olluco amarillo recién cosechados fueron lavados y seleccionados y el almidón fue extraído por lavados sucesivos, sedimentación y fue secado en la estufa. Para la modificación se seleccionaron los almidones en función al rendimiento de extracción y se modificaron con OSA a un pH de 8,5 a 9 durante 6 h de reacción. Terminado el proceso de modificación, los almidones fueron lavados y liofilizados. Se caracterizó la morfología por SEM, distribución de tamaño del gránulo, propiedades térmicas, propiedades de formación de pasta, espectroscopia infrarroja, difracción de rayos X de los almidones nativos y modificados. Como resultado de la modificación, se formaron dos nuevos picos a 1572 y 1724 cm-1 en el espectro infrarrojo y los espectros de difracción de rayos X tuvieron similares perfiles en almidones nativos y OSA. El tamaño de los almidones se vió ligeramente incrementado en almidones OSA y la morfología de los almidones OSA cambió ligeramente en comparación con los nativos. Las temperaturas y entalpías de gelatinización fueron menores en los almidones modificados y las viscosidades pico fueron mayores en almidones OSA. El almidón OSA de oca rosada fue seleccionado para utilizarlo como agente encapsulante en la optimización de la microencapsulación por atomización de los extractos de mashua morada debido a que presentó la mayor eficiencia de encapsulación de antocianinas. La condición óptima de atomización se encontró a una temperatura de 140 °C y porcentaje de encapsulante de 2 por ciento, los que maximizaron la eficiencia de encapsulación, capacidad antioxidante, fenoles totales y solubilidad y minimizaron las variables actividad de agua (aw) e higroscopicidad de los extractos atomizados de mashua morada. Almidones modificados con OSA, en general, mostraron mejores índices de emulsificación que los almidones nativos y la formación de las emulsiones fue corroborada por el aumento de la viscoelasticidad en las emulsiones.
The Andean tubers, in some cases used only for the self-consumption of the community that grows them, contain starch as the main component, which has been little studied in their functional properties. This work aimed to obtain and characterize native and modified starches by OSA (succinic octinyl anhydride) esterification from Andean tubers, as well as evaluate some applications of these starches as encapsulating agents of a purple mashua extract and in the formation of oil-water emulsions. Tubers of yellow mashua, yellow oca, pink oca, and yellow olluco freshly harvested were washed and selected and the starch was extracted by successive washing, sedimentation, and dried on the oven. For the modification, the starches were selected based on the extraction yield and modified with OSA at a pH of 8.5 to 9 for 6 h of reaction. After the modification process, the starches were washed and spray-dried. SEM morphology, granule size distribution, thermal properties, paste formation properties, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction of native and modified starches were characterized. As a result of the modification, two new peaks were formed at 1572 and 1724 cm-1 in the infrared spectrum and X-ray diffraction spectra had similar profiles in native starches and OSA. The size of the starches was slightly increased in OSA starches and the morphology of the OSA starches changed slightly compared to the natives. The temperatures and enthalpies of gelatinization were lower in the modified starches and the peak viscosities were higher in OSA starches. OSA pink oca starch was selected to be used as an encapsulating agent in the optimization of microencapsualization by atomization of purple mashua extracts because the encapsulates presented the highest efficiency of anthocyanin encapsulation. The optimum atomization condition was at a temperature of 140 °C and encapsulant percentage of 2 percent, which maximized encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant capacity, total phenols and solubility and minimized the variables water activity (aw) and hygroscopicity of the atomized extracts of purple mashua. OSA modified starches, in general, showed better emulsification rates than native starches and the formation of emulsions was corroborated by the increase in viscoelasticity in emulsions.
The Andean tubers, in some cases used only for the self-consumption of the community that grows them, contain starch as the main component, which has been little studied in their functional properties. This work aimed to obtain and characterize native and modified starches by OSA (succinic octinyl anhydride) esterification from Andean tubers, as well as evaluate some applications of these starches as encapsulating agents of a purple mashua extract and in the formation of oil-water emulsions. Tubers of yellow mashua, yellow oca, pink oca, and yellow olluco freshly harvested were washed and selected and the starch was extracted by successive washing, sedimentation, and dried on the oven. For the modification, the starches were selected based on the extraction yield and modified with OSA at a pH of 8.5 to 9 for 6 h of reaction. After the modification process, the starches were washed and spray-dried. SEM morphology, granule size distribution, thermal properties, paste formation properties, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction of native and modified starches were characterized. As a result of the modification, two new peaks were formed at 1572 and 1724 cm-1 in the infrared spectrum and X-ray diffraction spectra had similar profiles in native starches and OSA. The size of the starches was slightly increased in OSA starches and the morphology of the OSA starches changed slightly compared to the natives. The temperatures and enthalpies of gelatinization were lower in the modified starches and the peak viscosities were higher in OSA starches. OSA pink oca starch was selected to be used as an encapsulating agent in the optimization of microencapsualization by atomization of purple mashua extracts because the encapsulates presented the highest efficiency of anthocyanin encapsulation. The optimum atomization condition was at a temperature of 140 °C and encapsulant percentage of 2 percent, which maximized encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant capacity, total phenols and solubility and minimized the variables water activity (aw) and hygroscopicity of the atomized extracts of purple mashua. OSA modified starches, in general, showed better emulsification rates than native starches and the formation of emulsions was corroborated by the increase in viscoelasticity in emulsions.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Ciencia de Alimentos
Keywords
Almidones modificados; Almidón; Almidones nativos; Técnicas analíticas; Evaluación; Perú
Citation
Date
2019
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess