Propuesta metodológica para la evaluación y validación de declaraciones nutricionales y saludables en productos pesqueros en el marco regulatorio peruano
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Authors
Valera Justo, Alexis
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Abstract
La presente investigación desarrolla una propuesta metodológica centrada en una matriz de clasificación de claims (declaración de propiedades) para la evaluación y validación de declaraciones nutricionales y saludables en productos pesqueros, considerando el marco regulatorio peruano. El objetivo fue organizar un esquema de clasificación que permita pasar de la frase declarada en el rotulado a criterios verificables de revisión, reduciendo interpretaciones subjetivas y favoreciendo decisiones consistentes. Para ello, se realizó una revisión documental del marco normativo aplicable y se definieron categorías de claims, reglas de análisis y requerimientos mínimos de sustento. La matriz propuesta relaciona el claim declarado con su tipo, el nutriente o beneficio asociado, la unidad de evaluación, el criterio aplicable y la evidencia indispensable para respaldarlo, incorporando además documentos de soporte y observaciones recurrentes que suelen generar inconsistencias. Como resultado, se obtuvo una matriz tipológica que orienta la evaluación desde la clasificación inicial hasta la emisión de un dictamen sustentado, facilitando la identificación de situaciones frecuentes como ausencia de informes de ensayo, inconsistencias entre porción y tabla nutricional, o declaraciones ambiguas sin sustento claro. Se concluye que la matriz fortalece la validación técnica del rotulado en productos pesqueros y ofrece un marco ordenado para sustentar decisiones, promoviendo información más clara y confiable para el consumidor.
This research develops a methodological proposal centered on a claims classification matrix (property declaration) for the evaluation and validation of nutrition and health-related claims in fishery products, within the Peruvian regulatory framework. The objective was to structure a classification scheme that moves from the exact labeling statement to verifiable review criteria, reducing subjective interpretation and supporting consistent decisions. A documentary review of the applicable regulations was conducted, and claim categories, analysis rules, and minimum supporting requirements were defined. The proposed matrix links the declared claim with its type, the associated nutrient or benefit, the evaluation unit, the applicable criterion, and the essential evidence required to support it, also including supporting documents and recurring observations that often lead to inconsistencies. As a result, a typology-based matrix was obtained to guide the review from initial classification to a supported decision, helping identify common issues such as missing laboratory reports, inconsistencies between serving size and nutrition facts, or ambiguous claims without clear support. It is concluded that the matrix strengthens the technical validation of labeling in fishery products and provides an organized basis for decision-making, promoting clearer and more reliable information for consumers.
This research develops a methodological proposal centered on a claims classification matrix (property declaration) for the evaluation and validation of nutrition and health-related claims in fishery products, within the Peruvian regulatory framework. The objective was to structure a classification scheme that moves from the exact labeling statement to verifiable review criteria, reducing subjective interpretation and supporting consistent decisions. A documentary review of the applicable regulations was conducted, and claim categories, analysis rules, and minimum supporting requirements were defined. The proposed matrix links the declared claim with its type, the associated nutrient or benefit, the evaluation unit, the applicable criterion, and the essential evidence required to support it, also including supporting documents and recurring observations that often lead to inconsistencies. As a result, a typology-based matrix was obtained to guide the review from initial classification to a supported decision, helping identify common issues such as missing laboratory reports, inconsistencies between serving size and nutrition facts, or ambiguous claims without clear support. It is concluded that the matrix strengthens the technical validation of labeling in fishery products and provides an organized basis for decision-making, promoting clearer and more reliable information for consumers.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Pesquería. Departamento
Académico de Acuicultura e Industrias Pesqueras
Keywords
Matriz de clasificación
Citation
Date
2026
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